[English]
The moonfish, also known as Mola, is the dumbest living creature. Not only
when it comes to its intelligence – just look at it – it's a creature of extremes and
horribly bad at being an animal. Its evolutionary strategy? Thick and bulky
being weaker than its predators – staring blankly into the sea,
eating the most nutrient‑poor food – yet growing unbelievably fast,
getting infested with parasites and meeting a gruesome death. If
you introduced the moonfish in a creature invention class, everyone would be really upset.
Yet the Mola not only survives, it thrives. How? Seriously – how?
When looking into the moonfish's eyes, Luna suddenly wonders where she herself
comes from. The true meaning of her story was never told to her – so we help her
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A few weeks later she receives her results. Like a journey through the
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With Ancient Origins, a new MyHeritage DNA feature, Luna looks 10,000 years into
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And that's not all – Luna finds thousands of distant relatives
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on the planet – and researching your heritage can give fascinating insights,
about how you became the person you are. But now back to the moonfish.
All good, evolution? – The genus Mola is a mis‑built
fish, a huge head that evolution seemed to forget about.
Its body is flat and round, lacking a proper tail fin, more like a paddle‑like
stub. Two fins top and bottom give it a, uh, quirky swimming style.
They move their fins in a goofy, wobbly motion.
It looks less like swimming and more like underwater flying – although Mola,
when it exerts itself, can keep up with strong swimmers like salmon or marlins.
Mola also lack a swim bladder, that organ most fish use for buoyancy.
They have a gelatinous tissue layer that's about 90% water, to rise or dive,
which doesn't help their maneuverability. Usually they just drift around.
Their teeth have fused into a parrot‑like beak, which sits in a tiny,
mostly open mouth. Together with two huge empty eyes, the
Mola always has a goofy expression. Moonfish have no normal scales,
but after whales they have the thickest skin in the ocean. Up to 15 cm thick, rough,
rubbery and often slime‑coated, like armor made of car tires. However most of it,
that protects them isn’t particularly valuable. Molas can grow big and heavy as a car,
but their organs are clustered at the front, while the rest of the body is made of oddly structured,
gelatinous tissue – an animal made from the worst parts of a steak. The
average meat is supported by a cartilaginous skeleton without ribs or tailbones.
Their odd bodies are a mobile mini‑ecosystem, dotted with up to 50
parasite species – probably more than any other fish. Crustaceans, barnacles, various
worms and protozoans live on and in their skin, muscles, gills or organs. They are
such a paradise for parasites that even their parasites have their own smaller parasites
have! Some Molas are accompanied by other fish that seek protection or leftovers.
This absurd situation could be the reason for their strangest behavior:
Mola often swim to the surface and lie there like a pancake. They sunbathe,
to warm up after cold deep‑sea dives. But they also do it to
show off to seabirds like albatrosses. These birds pick parasites off their skin – while
small fish take care of the underside – and clean them in exchange for a snack.
This is a great adaptation to their parasite load,
but unfortunately often ends fatally when they collide with boats. Because after surfacing
from depth they are still cold and sluggish, they can't react to approaching dangers.
Once a Mola reaches a certain size, most
predators avoid them – probably under the false assumption that their size means they
could fight back. Also their skin is too tough. Yet orcas, sharks and seals sometimes bite
only to then say: “No, thanks, I'd rather
starve.” Moonfish are watery, low‑nutrient, cartilage‑filled, parasite‑infested jelly‑donuts.
They simply prefer to eat almost everything else. Often Mola then keep swimming with bite marks, still
more ridiculous than before. Seals have even been observed only eating the organs,
playing with the body like a Frisbee – and leaving the rest to scavengers.
The Mola might be sad about that but we’ll never know, because our chubby
boys are incredibly stupid. – Lovable, chubby goofballs
Mola have one of the smallest brain‑to‑body ratios in the animal kingdom.
A car‑sized fish has a walnut‑sized brain and a tiny spine. Its mind
runs on an early alpha version of intelligence – no updates. If you look deep
into their eyes, you mostly see yourself. Despite – or because of – their simplicity they are
very gentle. They show no aggression toward larger animals and are friendly
to humans. Sometimes they approach curious divers or boats to stare at them with their goofy
look. Even if they could get angry, they wouldn't have the means
or the temperament to hurt us. Adult moonfish are solitary,
drifting alone through the sea, but sometimes come together to mate. Watching two moonfish during
the mating act is extremely difficult because they meet deep in the ocean. But we know:
their breeding strategy is that 99.999% of offspring die.
Female Molas produce far more eggs than any other vertebrate – hundreds of millions in just
one spawning event. They are tiny and drift in the plankton, where millions of them
are eaten, starve, or never even hatch. The larvae that do hatch,
are rice‑grain sized, covered with small star‑shaped spines and have the same goofy
expression as adult Mola. Countless predators eat the mini‑Mola
millions of times, so they must grow fast. Fortunately moonfish have the most extreme
growth of any animal – a larva can increase its weight from hatching to adulthood
by 60 million times. That's like a human baby growing to
the weight of an aircraft carrier. Those that grow fast need a lot of nutritious
food. And that's exactly why they have specialized in the silliest food.
The dumbest predator against the dumbest prey – The moonfish has found a remarkable
ecological niche: when your prey is so pathetic that no one else wants it,
you have it all to yourself. Molas are generalists focusing on soft
and small prey. Their huge eyes see well in dark water. This lets them sneak up on small
prey or filter drifting zooplankton – mostly fish larvae, squids, shrimp,
mollusks, sea stars or small crustaceans, basically any soft thing they can catch.
Aber sie lieben auch Glibbriges wie Quallen und
Salpen – was wirklich bemerkenswert ist, da diese
But they also love jelly‑like things like jellyfish and
salps – which is remarkable because they consist almost entirely of water and have almost no calories. For a meaningful amount of nutrients, Molas can mow through entire swarms of jellyfish and eat thousands in a single day.
Without a swim bladder they can dive deep and quickly surface again, giving them a
large range of action. They graze on the sea floor or reefs, hunt jellyfish in the depths or
feed on surface plankton and algae. Molas are ocean cows – huge and constantly on the move,
to take in massive amounts of nutrient‑poor food. Since they don’t really chew with their beak,
they have developed an absurd way of eating:
claw‑like teeth in their throat. They suck their prey in, pull it through the teeth,
which prevent it from escaping and toss it back and forth like a slow‑motion wood chipper.
Okay. As much as we roast the moonfish – it doesn’t notice, don’t worry. Actually it’s
pretty clever. Nature has humor and creates niches in the ecosystem that are best filled by a
passive and untalented creature. Molas are clumsy goofballs,
that everyone laughs at. And although it’s fun to call them stupid,
they’re actually a highly specialized and resilient species that lives in the oceans of