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樺加沙颱風 00:00
馬太鞍堰塞湖潰壩倒數 00:00
37小時 00:03
要撤8000多人 00:04
太魯閣燕子口堰塞湖形成 00:05
換秀林鄉急撤900多人 00:07
風神颱風威脅 00:11
光復全鄉再撤1308人 00:12
10月21號 00:16
馬太鞍又有新堰塞湖 00:17
再撤大馬村23人 00:19
鳳凰颱風來襲 00:22
光復鄉再撤6000多人 00:23
每次緊急撤離 00:26
都是跟時間賽跑 00:27
天災來臨倒數 00:29
我們有確實做好準備嗎 00:31
1979至今 00:37
台灣出現過89個堰塞湖 00:39
但災害防救法中 00:41
卻沒有堰塞湖這項災害 00:43
堰塞湖出現要如何因應 00:45
目前全靠兩份農委會時代 00:48
發布的行政命令 00:50
它不像是我們的淹水 00:52
或者是土石流 00:55
這兩類的災害 00:56
都是我們在災害防救法裡面 00:58
既有的災害 01:00
也有對應的業務計畫 01:02
行政院99年 01:03
也開過預防性疏散避難研商會議 01:05
訂出各級政府疏散的任務 01:08
中央負責提供警戒資訊 01:11
直轄市及縣市政府 01:13
要劃定管制區 01:15
擬定撤離計畫 01:17
提供交通工具 01:18
鄉鎮市公所 01:20
負責劃定應撤離的村里 01:21
準備收容場所 01:23
村里則要建立撤離名冊 01:25
災害出現時 01:28
由鄉鎮市下達撤離命令 01:29
村里通知民眾 01:32
縣市政府則負責回報中央 01:33
拆解每個步驟 01:36
馬太鞍堰塞湖潰決 01:38
中央提供的警戒資訊足夠嗎 01:40
透過了很多次的專家會議 01:43
大家討論出來 01:46
那決定了這樣的一個警戒機制 01:47
在黃色警戒是做準備 01:49
包括把這些弱勢的先撤離 01:51
那到了這一個 01:54
紅色警戒的時候 01:55
就是要啟動強制撤離 01:56
農業部林保署及內政部 01:58
分別委託陽明交大及台大團隊 02:00
預測潰壩影響的範圍 02:03
隨著颱風逼近 02:05
9月21號上午 02:06
原定撤離人275人 02:08
到下午增加到8524人 02:10
學者認為範圍大致符合 02:13
但問題出在 02:16
水流的型態 02:17
堰塞湖當它發生了潰壩的時候 02:19
下來的不是只有水 02:22
而是大量的土砂 02:24
如果當時 02:26
就能夠預想到是這樣子的話 02:27
可能根本不會開放 02:29
垂直避難這個選項 02:31
因為垂直避難 02:33
本身就是危險的 02:34
而從縣政府到鄉公所 02:36
村里 02:38
地方政府有做到 02:39
撤離該做的事嗎 02:40
有沒有做完整的撤離 02:42
你的警戒區有沒有完整劃定 02:44
你的保全清冊有沒有出來 02:46
我們要去檢視 02:47
為什麼民眾沒有接到疏散撤離的警報 02:48
他到底是接收不到 02:51
還是他重聽 02:52
還是他根本沒有聽到 02:54
那這裡面我們 02:56
不管是透過什麼方式 02:57
我要去檢討 02:58
哪個環節出錯 02:59
最後導致19死 03:00
5失蹤的悲劇 03:02
花蓮地檢署正在調查 03:03
不過也凸顯 03:05
台灣災難管理體制的問題 03:06
風震火爆 03:09
或是火山海嘯 03:10
就歸內政部管 03:11
水災呢 03:12
就歸經濟部水利署管 03:13
那土石流跟後來的大規模崩塌 03:14
就又歸農業部水保署管 03:16
那像森林火災 03:18
又歸林保署管 03:19
可是像這些事情其實都是連動的 03:20
其實現在全世界的災害管理 03:23
其實慢慢會比較 03:24
越來越往全災害的方向在走 03:25
也就是我們會有一個專責單位 03:28
去管所有的災害 03:30
美國在1979年 03:32
就已經設立聯邦緊急事務管理署 03:33
FEMA 03:36
日本也有內閣府防災擔當 03:37
統籌跨部會防災業務 03:40
兩年來預算倍增 03:42
人員也有300人 03:44
2026年還要首度創設防災廳 03:46
地方也一直有防災業務的統合人員 03:49
很多的都道府縣 03:53
都有比較專業的 03:55
我們叫做危機管理室 03:56
或危機管理課等等的 03:58
那有專責人員做什麼呢 04:01
不是做包括了 04:02
治水 治山 防洪 04:03
是做整備的規劃 04:06
那在我們的市町村的層級 04:07
就類似我們的公所層級 04:10
有一些也會有危機管理課 04:11
危機管理監 04:14
反觀台灣 04:16
地方政府第一線防災人員 04:17
卻都是兼辦業務 04:19
他們平常都有各種不同自己的業務 04:21
農業的他可能負責 04:24
農業的相關的行政 04:25
相關的補助等等 04:26
要給他足夠的人力 04:28
跟足夠的時間 04:29
足夠的訓練 04:30
甚至於要加給都沒有關係 04:31
而且要有更深入的訓練 04:34
能夠把他的力量去培養起來 04:36
讓他能夠去做像這樣的規劃 04:38
只要有明確計畫 04:40
台灣各地方政府 04:41
執行土石流災害的撤離 04:42
已經非常嫻熟 04:44
但第一線遇到最大的問題 04:46
還有強制力 04:48
今年7 8月颱風來襲 04:50
屏東縣三地門鄉 04:52
大社部落撤離 04:53
就遇到類似的問題 04:55
沒有下來的就要舉發告單 04:57
這個部分是族人比較不能接受 05:00
然後問題是誰舉發 05:03
這個也是好像沒有明文的規定 05:05
那消防隊也推出鄉公所 05:07
然後警察單位也推 05:11
那我們是認為說 05:13
鄉公所比較沒有那種裁罰的力量 05:14
國外對於災害強制撤離的規範 05:19
差異也很大 05:21
像德國它會依照它有一個 05:23
民防跟災害防護法 05:24
它在針對比如說 05:26
像是核子事故 05:27
或是有些恐怖攻擊 05:29
或是洪水 05:31
它是可以強制 05:32
不只是勸離 05:33
它是可以拘提 05:35
它可以直接把你人身架離 05:37
那像澳洲也有類似 05:39
德國跟澳洲最強 05:41
美國則是每個州規範不同 05:42
有的需要簽署 05:45
放棄撤離同意書 05:46
英國跟日本 05:48
則只以勸告來建議撤離 05:49
我是走強制撤離 05:51
那我就要賦予法律跟警察 05:53
有相對的權力 05:55
我如果是做自主撤離 05:56
那我的所謂No Rescue Policy 05:58
就要跟著出來 05:59
民眾你自己就要把責任擔起 06:00
台灣現在是兩者模糊 06:02
因為台灣的法規很多都在模糊 06:03
那模糊的時候 06:05
大家就無所適從了 06:06
極端氣候 06:08
加上人為開發 06:09
各種災害已經超越既有的規範 06:10
災難來臨前 06:13
不只需要權責明確 06:15
行動確實 06:17
撤離能否順利 06:18
也必須反覆演練 06:20
我們掌握了海嘯20分鐘會到 06:22
可是我的氣象署 06:24
他算給我的時間 06:25
他必須要10分鐘 06:26
才有辦法給我訊息 06:27
那簡單來講 06:29
我的這個海嘯高風險區的民眾 06:30
他就只有8分鐘到10分鐘可以疏散 06:32
那我就很清楚跟民眾講 06:35
你只有8分鐘到10分鐘 06:36
我們來跑跑看 06:38
跑不跑得到 06:39
跑不到 06:40
我就是練啊 06:41

– Bilingual Lyrics Chinese/English

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Lyrics & Translation

[English]
Typhoon Ragasa
Countdown to the breach of Mata'alan landslide dam lake
37 hours
Evacuate over 8,000 people
Landslide dam lake formed at Taroko Swallow Grotto
Urgent evacuation of over 900 people in Xiulin Township
Typhoon Fengshen threat
Evacuate 1,308 more people from Guangfu Township
October 21st
New landslide dam lake at Mata'alan again
Evacuate 23 more from Dama Village
Typhoon Fenghuang approaching
Evacuate over 6,000 more people from Guangfu Township
Every emergency evacuation
Is a race against time
Countdown to natural disaster
Have we truly prepared well?
Since 1979
Taiwan has had 89 landslide dam lakes
But disaster prevention laws
Have no specific provisions for landslide dam lakes
How to respond when they appear
Currently rely on two administrative orders issued by the Council of Agriculture
It's not like flooding
Or debris flows
These two disaster types
Are covered in disaster prevention laws
With corresponding response plans
In 2010, the Executive Yuan
Held preventive evacuation and refuge meetings
Setting evacuation responsibilities for all government levels
Central government provides warning information
Municipal and county governments
Designate control zones
Draft evacuation plans
Provide transportation
Township offices
Designate villages to evacuate
Prepare shelters
Villages establish evacuation rosters
When disaster occurs
Township orders evacuation
Villages notify residents
County governments report to central government
Breaking down each step
Mata'alan landslide dam lake breach
Is the central government's warning information sufficient?
After many expert meetings
They decided on this warning mechanism
Yellow alert means prepare
Evacuate vulnerable people first
At red alert
Mandatory evacuation is activated
Council of Agriculture and Ministry of the Interior
Commissioned Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and National Taiwan University teams
To predict the impact range of dam breaches
As the typhoon approached
On September 21st morning
Originally 275 people were to evacuate
By the afternoon increased to 8,524 people
Experts say the scope roughly matches
But the problem lies in
The flow type
When a landslide dam lake breaches
It's not just water coming down
But a large amount of sediment and debris
If this had been anticipated
Vertical evacuation might never have been allowed
Because vertical evacuation
Is inherently dangerous
Did local governments from county to village levels
Do what was necessary for evacuation?
Was evacuation complete?
Was the warning zone fully designated?
Was a protection roster compiled?
We need to check
Why residents did not receive evacuation warnings
Did they fail to receive them?
Did they have hearing issues?
Or did they simply not hear them?
We need to review all processes
To find where errors occurred
Which led to the tragedy of 19 deaths
And 5 missing persons
Hualien District Prosecutors Office is investigating
But this highlighted
The problems in Taiwan's disaster management system
Typhoon, earthquake, fire, explosion
Or volcanic tsunami
Are managed by the Ministry of the Interior
Floods by the Water Resources Agency under Ministry of Economic Affairs
Debris flows and large collapses
By Council of Agriculture's Soil and Water Conservation Bureau
Forest fires by the Forestry Bureau
But these disasters are interconnected
Worldwide, disaster management is moving toward an all-risk approach
Having a single dedicated agency
To oversee all disaster types
The US established FEMA in 1979
Japan has the Cabinet Office Disaster Management team
Coordinating cross-ministry disaster affairs
Their budget has doubled in two years
With 300 staff members
Planning to launch a Disaster Management Agency in 2026
Local governments also assign disaster coordination staff
Many prefectures and cities
Have specialized crisis management offices or divisions
What do dedicated staff do?
Not flood or mountain management
But preparation planning
At municipal levels similar to township offices
Some have crisis management sections
In contrast, Taiwan
Has frontline disaster workers who multitask
They handle various unrelated duties
Agriculture officers may also manage agricultural administration and subsidies
They need sufficient manpower
Adequate time
Proper training
And possibly extra pay
Deeper training to strengthen capabilities
So they can handle such planning
Once clear plans exist
Local governments in Taiwan
Are quite skilled in landslide disaster evacuation
But the biggest frontline issue
Is enforcing evacuation orders
In July and August typhoons
In Sandimen Township, Pingtung County
Disputes arose during evacuation of Dasha tribe
Those not evacuating faced fines
Which locals found unacceptable
Unclear who can issue fines
No clear regulations exist
Fire departments pushed the township offices
And police involvement
But township offices lack legal authority to penalize
Countries differ in forced evacuation laws
Germany’s civil defense laws allow compulsory evacuation for nuclear accidents, terror attacks, floods
Including arresting and physically removing people
Australia has similar rules
Germany and Australia have strongest enforcement
In the US, states differ
Some require signing evacuation waivers
UK and Japan only advise evacuation
I support forced evacuation
Which requires legal and police authority
If evacuation is voluntary
Then "No Rescue Policy" applies
Residents take responsibility themselves
Taiwan’s laws are ambiguous
Causing confusion
Extreme weather and human development
Have surpassed existing regulations
Before disaster strikes
Clear roles and responsibilities are needed
Effective action required
Smooth evacuation
Must be repeatedly rehearsed
We know tsunami takes 20 minutes to arrive
But meteorological warnings take 10 minutes to issue
Residents in high-risk zones have only 8 to 10 minutes to evacuate
We must clearly tell people
You have only 8 to 10 minutes
Let's test if evacuation is possible
If not,
Then we must practice more
像德國它會依照它有一個
民防跟災害防護法
它在針對比如說
像是核子事故
或是有些恐怖攻擊
或是洪水
它是可以強制
不只是勸離
它是可以拘提
它可以直接把你人身架離
那像澳洲也有類似
德國跟澳洲最強
美國則是每個州規範不同
有的需要簽署
放棄撤離同意書
英國跟日本
則只以勸告來建議撤離
我是走強制撤離
那我就要賦予法律跟警察
有相對的權力
我如果是做自主撤離
那我的所謂No Rescue Policy
就要跟著出來
民眾你自己就要把責任擔起
台灣現在是兩者模糊
因為台灣的法規很多都在模糊
那模糊的時候
大家就無所適從了
極端氣候
加上人為開發
各種災害已經超越既有的規範
災難來臨前
不只需要權責明確
行動確實
撤離能否順利
也必須反覆演練
我們掌握了海嘯20分鐘會到
可是我的氣象署
他算給我的時間
他必須要10分鐘
才有辦法給我訊息
那簡單來講
我的這個海嘯高風險區的民眾
他就只有8分鐘到10分鐘可以疏散
那我就很清楚跟民眾講
你只有8分鐘到10分鐘
我們來跑跑看
跑不跑得到
跑不到
我就是練啊
[Chinese] Show

Key Vocabulary

Start Practicing
Vocabulary Meanings

撤離

/t͡ʂʰɤ̌.li̯ᵚ/

B1
  • verb
  • - to evacuate

堰塞湖

/jɛn.sɛ.xu/

C1
  • noun
  • - landslide dam lake

災害

/t͡ɕi̯.ʈə̌i̯ᵚ/

B1
  • noun
  • - disaster

防救

/fɑŋ.t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯ᵚ/

B2
  • verb
  • - to prevent and rescue

潰壩

/xwei̯.t͡pa̯ᵚ/

C1
  • verb
  • - dam collapse

警戒

/t͡ɕi̯ɛŋ.t͡ɕəi̯ᵚ/

B2
  • noun
  • - alert

預防

/y̌.fɑŋ/

B1
  • verb
  • - to prevent

疏散

/t͡sʰu̯ɔ̌.sɑn/

B1
  • verb
  • - to evacuate

土石流

/tʰu̯.ʂɯ̌.li̯oʊ̯ᵚ/

C1
  • noun
  • - debris flow

強制

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ.t͡sʰɤ̌/

B2
  • adjective
  • - compulsory

演練

/i̯ɛn.ljɛn/

B2
  • verb
  • - to drill

權責

/t͡ɕʰy̌ɛn.t͡ʂɤ̌/

C1
  • noun
  • - responsibility

明確

/mʲɛŋ.ʈ͡ʂʰɤ̌/

B2
  • adjective
  • - clear

反覆

/fɤ̌n.fʊ̯/

B2
  • verb
  • - to repeat

規劃

/kʰu̯ɛ.pʰu̯ɑ/

B2
  • verb
  • - to plan

統合

/tʰʊ̯ŋ.ɕɑŋ/

C1
  • verb
  • - to integrate

專責

/t͡ʂʊɛn.t͡ʂɤ̌/

C1
  • adjective
  • - specialized

模糊

/mə̌u̯.xʊ̯/

B2
  • adjective
  • - vague

極端

/t͡ɕi̯ɯ̯.t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn/

B2
  • adjective
  • - extreme

氣候

/t͡ɕʰi̯.ma̯ᵚ/

B1
  • noun
  • - climate

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