Display Bilingual:

[applause and music] 00:08
Okay, it's 8 years ago. I wake up on a 00:12
couch in New York City at 3:00 a.m. to 00:16
the sound of footsteps. My mother in her 00:19
night gown, pacing, very upset, ringing 00:22
her hands. 00:25
Mom, what is it? It's It's Mom, what? 00:27
It's just I stand up. Mom, what is 00:32
wrong? 00:37
I should have married Van Johnson. 00:40
Side note, um, my mother was married to 00:46
my father, Victor, my late father, for 00:48
40 years. This is just a little 00:51
upsetting. 00:53
Van Johnson. Van Johnson, the matinea 00:55
idol. Mom, Van Johnson was gay. 00:58
Well, we didn't know that then. 01:03
>> Great. We laughed. We're present and 01:07
connected. That's one of the byproducts 01:10
of sharing laughter. It gets us 01:13
connected. It's also not something that 01:15
people usually associate with 01:18
Alzheimer's. I know I didn't. I mean, I 01:20
didn't realize it at the time, but that 01:23
that night, that was not only the 01:26
beginning of my education about 01:28
Alzheimer's. It was the beginning of my 01:30
understanding about the power of shared 01:33
laughter for connection, even in the 01:36
most disorienting circumstances. 01:39
I I had flown to New York after a phone 01:43
call from my mother's friend, Marilyn. 01:46
Your mother is arguing with waiters and 01:48
she can't fill out a deposit slip. 01:51
Arguing with waiters, not that unusual. 01:55
But not being able to fill out a deposit 01:59
slip, my mother was a real estate 02:01
broker. Filling out a deposit slip was 02:03
one of her few remaining joys. 02:05
In daylight, of course, in New York, I 02:08
could see there was something wrong. 02:11
Yeah. There were stacks of mail and open 02:13
cabinets and 02:16
plates of food halfeaten with dog hair. 02:18
My meticulous mother at 78 had taken in 02:22
Buster, a traumatized rescue pug. 02:26
The next day, my sister comes in and we 02:30
go to see a doctor and we hear two words 02:34
that many people are more afraid of now 02:37
than a cancer diagnosis. 02:40
It's Alzheimer's. 02:42
I know. So, how did I get from 02:45
Alzheimer's to laughter? 02:49
Okay, let's start at the beginning. I 02:52
almost died when I was born. Thank you. 02:55
Here's where it gets really funny. 02:58
[laughter] 03:00
No. Uh, it's true. But I actually have 03:03
the letter that my parents wrote to the 03:07
doctor thanking him for saving my life. 03:11
[laughter] And [sighs] 03:15
it's amazing. But I've spent from there 03:18
until well probably right now trying to 03:22
prove that my life was worth saving by 03:25
making people laugh. 03:28
Naturally I became a comic. 03:30
I mean, other people, they want multiple 03:34
homes and fancy cars and health 03:36
insurance. But what's gotten me out of 03:39
bed since the beginning was the chance 03:43
to make someone, anyone, laugh. 03:46
And did you know that we are 30 times 03:50
more likely to laugh with people? And 03:52
the surgeon general declared loneliness 03:56
more dangerous for us than smoking two 03:58
packs of cigarettes a day. and that 04:00
sharing laughter is proven to break 04:04
through feelings of isolation. 04:06
So adding all that up, by making people 04:09
laugh, I I'm more than earning my place 04:13
here. I'm rescuing people one laugh at a 04:15
time 04:20
until the laughter stops. 04:22
We keep my mother at home for as long as 04:25
we can, but within a few years it 04:27
becomes clear she needs to move to LA to 04:29
be near me and my family and very 04:31
quickly she realizes she isn't going 04:34
home and she becomes depressed and I 04:36
feel terrible. I've been a comedian for 04:40
20 years. I taught standup at UCLA for 04:42
10 and I've written several books on the 04:46
power of laughter in family life. And I 04:49
can't get my own mother to laugh, smile, 04:52
anything. And I'm at my dentist. And 04:55
because it's Los Angeles, she's also a 04:59
life coach. 05:01
I feel so guilty. I 05:05
You have nothing to feel guilty about. 05:09
She takes the cotton out of my mouth. 05:13
But I don't know. I feel terrible. I I 05:14
can't get my mother to laugh. I don't 05:17
know. Maybe I should hire someone else 05:18
to do it. Like someone not her daughter. 05:21
Good idea. Do it. So I post Looking for 05:25
comedian interested in gerontology. Paid 05:30
gig, 05:33
right? My phone rings. Seconds later, 05:35
it's a comedian in Los Angeles sitting 05:38
on park benches. Loves old people. 05:41
Seniors, forgive me. H I'm an old 05:43
person, so I get to say that now. Um, 05:46
and she's making them tell their 05:49
stories. So, I invite the woman over and 05:51
she comes in and at first she does 05:54
jokes, but you know, nothing. But then 05:56
she pulls up a chair and makes eye 05:59
contact with my mother and says, "I know 06:02
you don't want to talk to me. You're 06:05
probably thinking, who is this schmuck 06:08
just talking to me?" 06:10
And my mother hears the word schmuck and 06:12
her eyes light up. 06:14
Schmuck, she says like she's getting 06:17
away with something and then the 06:19
comedian being a comedian tops her. 06:21
That's right, schmuck. And then she says 06:23
schmuck and she says it's like a schmuck 06:25
off happening and everyone is laughing. 06:27
They're both laugh and I That's it. And 06:31
then and this is important. The comedian 06:33
hands my mother a glass of water and she 06:37
takes it. Trust had been created 06:40
through laughter. 06:45
Because that's another byproduct of 06:47
laughing with others. It creates trust. 06:49
Forbes also reported, "You laugh with 06:52
the people you trust." 06:55
Laughter can be used to quickly create 06:58
trust. And it's even better news for 07:01
people with Alzheimer's because the 07:04
University of Iowa discovered that in 07:06
cognitive decline, emotion outlasts 07:09
memory, which for us means, yeah, 07:12
they're going to forget the joke, but 07:15
the feeling of laughter stays with 07:17
I hire the woman on the spot eight hours 07:21
a week. 07:24
You're finding this so funny. It's 07:26
great. Um, but what wasn't funny is it 07:28
completely worked. Like the results were 07:31
undeniable. My mother started eating 07:33
again and and laughing and joining in 07:36
her community even when the comedian 07:38
wasn't there. So sure, laugh. But by now 07:41
you might be thinking, genius. 07:45
Thank you. But but there's a reveal and 07:49
it's pretty humbling and and actually 07:53
very good news for you. You don't need 07:56
to be a professional comedian to create 07:59
connection through laughter. 08:02
And realizing this, I thought that my 08:04
mother wasn't laughing with me because I 08:08
was her daughter. No, it turns out she 08:09
wasn't laughing because I was showing up 08:12
as a tense perfectionist. 08:14
Nobody laughs with that woman. 08:17
So realizing this, I started using the 08:20
tools that I've been teaching for 08:23
decades, like like responding to what's 08:24
happening right in the room and letting 08:27
go of the moment before and staying 08:30
curious and listening. 08:32
And no surprise, we found laughter. 08:34
My mother died five years ago 08:43
and um I'll always be grateful to that 08:46
first comedian 08:49
and then I figured out how to break 08:51
through and laugh with her in time. And 08:54
I actually wrote an article about the 08:58
experience for AP magazine and I got 08:59
hundreds of requests for comedians all 09:02
over the world. 09:04
So now I have a business that does that. 09:06
[applause] 09:08
And thank God for the timing because a 09:11
month later, COVID co global isolation 09:14
unlike anything any of us had ever 09:19
known. And I knew I could help. 09:21
[laughter] 09:26
So, I actually created lunchtime 09:27
laughter Monday through Friday, open to 09:30
the public, interactive comedy for 09:32
seniors, except very quickly, perfectly 09:35
lucid people were showing up, 09:38
who wanted comic relief. 09:42
So, here's something I didn't know. 09:45
Humans are not the only mammals who 09:47
laugh. 09:50
Yes, dolphins, chimps, even rats if you 09:51
tickle them just the right way. 09:55
But humans, we have language. We can use 09:58
language to create joyful humor. Right 10:02
now, Plato, Plato and his buddies, they 10:06
warned against the use of humor. They 10:09
said it was dangerous. It would only be 10:12
used for humiliation and to flex status 10:13
and superiority. But I don't know 10:16
because like babies laugh 300 times a 10:19
day and they have no idea who has the 10:22
fanciest crib. 10:24
Researchers today they talk about 10:29
affiliative humor. Humor that creates 10:31
trust and a sense of belonging. So, if 10:34
this is the goal, and I can't think of a 10:37
better time for this goal, 10:40
I am going to share with you four 10:44
comedians tools that I use with my 10:46
mother that will create connection and 10:48
laughter with anyone, whether they're 10:51
losing their mind or not. 10:53
Number one, show up and be present. Yes, 10:56
just go. Just go. Put your phone down 11:00
and show up for someone even when you 11:02
don't really feel like it. Because if 11:04
you don't go, you definitely won't 11:06
laugh. And as far as being present, 11:08
there is one sliver of a silver lining 11:11
with Alzheimer's. You can't 11:14
[clears throat] 11:15
regret the past or obsess about the 11:16
future. There's only now. 11:19
So, isn't that what we download 11:23
meditation apps for? 11:25
You never know where you're going to 11:28
find your teachers. 11:29
Number two, 11:31
know your audience. If I wanted to 11:33
connect with my mother, I had to meet 11:36
her where she was, not who she had been. 11:38
I had to pay attention to who she was 11:42
right now in the moment. Affiliative 11:45
humor is is never about superiority. 11:48
It's the direct result of staying 11:51
curious and listening and responding 11:53
authentically. It's also how we create 11:56
humor that unifies rather than divides. 11:58
Number three, let go of the moment 12:04
before. 12:07
If I tell a joke and it bombs, I can't 12:09
go off stage and cry. I mean, I can and 12:12
I have, but it's not helpful, right? I 12:17
need to reset and and with the faith 12:22
that the next one is going to land. 12:24
I'd be visiting my mother and she would 12:27
be disappointed and withdrawn and I'd 12:29
feel terrible. And then I'd look back 12:31
and she'd be waving and smiling. 12:32
And if I'd stayed in disappointment, I 12:35
would have missed that next moment of 12:37
joy. And this is true for so many of 12:39
life's experiences. 12:42
If we want to find laughter where we 12:44
least expect it, we have to reset, 12:46
refresh regularly, and reset with a hope 12:51
that whatever's going to be the next big 12:56
thing is going to work, whatever that 12:59
means for you. 13:01
Number four, 13:03
embrace imperfection. 13:05
Comedians know the funny is in the 13:08
mistakes. I mean, who doesn't laugh at a 13:10
good blooper reel? 13:13
But this is also true for us, for all of 13:15
us who are showing up moment to moment. 13:20
If we want to find laughter, we're going 13:23
to have to just accept exactly the way 13:26
things are in the moment. Embrace it. 13:29
Laugh with it. I am reminded thinking 13:32
about the need for imperfection of those 13:35
early days with my mother, with other 13:38
adult children, everyone trying to keep 13:40
a brave face. I'm fine. I'm fine. Me? 13:42
I'm fine. 13:45
Can we all please just stop saying we're 13:48
fine? [clears throat] 13:50
No one is fine. And worse, fine 13:52
is not funny. 13:58
Hey, so even if it makes us feel a 14:01
little bit exposed, in fact, especially 14:04
if it does, let's not say we're fine. 14:07
These then are my greatest hits for 14:12
creating laughter that makes people feel 14:15
good. Now, it won't make you a 14:18
professional comedian, but if you use 14:21
them, at the end of the day, you will 14:23
feel 14:26
83% less regret. 14:28
Okay, I made that up. No, I mean, think 14:35
about it. How could this not be true? 14:38
How could this not help with regret? 14:40
You're showing up when you don't want 14:42
to. You're responding authentically. 14:43
You're you're listening to someone. Even 14:47
if you're not laughing, you're helping 14:50
someone. And we 100% never regret this. 14:52
I want to leave you with one thing 14:57
that's worth repeating. 14:59
If you want to make the people you care 15:02
about laugh, you don't need to show up 15:04
with your scintillating, sarcastic wit. 15:08
You just need to have the courage to be 15:13
yourself 15:17
and the willingness 15:19
to embrace all the moments of life that 15:22
are imperfect 15:26
because there are so many and instead of 15:28
feeling alone with them. 15:33
That's my mother glamorous by the way. I 15:37
had to throw that in because she would 15:39
really like it. 15:41
Instead 15:45
of feeling alone during those imperfect 15:46
moments, 15:49
we could be laughing. 15:51
>> Thank you. [applause] 16:02
Thank you. 16:04
>> [applause] 16:08

– English Lyrics

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Lyrics & Translation

[English]
[applause and music]
Okay, it's 8 years ago. I wake up on a
couch in New York City at 3:00 a.m. to
the sound of footsteps. My mother in her
night gown, pacing, very upset, ringing
her hands.
Mom, what is it? It's It's Mom, what?
It's just I stand up. Mom, what is
wrong?
I should have married Van Johnson.
Side note, um, my mother was married to
my father, Victor, my late father, for
40 years. This is just a little
upsetting.
Van Johnson. Van Johnson, the matinea
idol. Mom, Van Johnson was gay.
Well, we didn't know that then.
>> Great. We laughed. We're present and
connected. That's one of the byproducts
of sharing laughter. It gets us
connected. It's also not something that
people usually associate with
Alzheimer's. I know I didn't. I mean, I
didn't realize it at the time, but that
that night, that was not only the
beginning of my education about
Alzheimer's. It was the beginning of my
understanding about the power of shared
laughter for connection, even in the
most disorienting circumstances.
I I had flown to New York after a phone
call from my mother's friend, Marilyn.
Your mother is arguing with waiters and
she can't fill out a deposit slip.
Arguing with waiters, not that unusual.
But not being able to fill out a deposit
slip, my mother was a real estate
broker. Filling out a deposit slip was
one of her few remaining joys.
In daylight, of course, in New York, I
could see there was something wrong.
Yeah. There were stacks of mail and open
cabinets and
plates of food halfeaten with dog hair.
My meticulous mother at 78 had taken in
Buster, a traumatized rescue pug.
The next day, my sister comes in and we
go to see a doctor and we hear two words
that many people are more afraid of now
than a cancer diagnosis.
It's Alzheimer's.
I know. So, how did I get from
Alzheimer's to laughter?
Okay, let's start at the beginning. I
almost died when I was born. Thank you.
Here's where it gets really funny.
[laughter]
No. Uh, it's true. But I actually have
the letter that my parents wrote to the
doctor thanking him for saving my life.
[laughter] And [sighs]
it's amazing. But I've spent from there
until well probably right now trying to
prove that my life was worth saving by
making people laugh.
Naturally I became a comic.
I mean, other people, they want multiple
homes and fancy cars and health
insurance. But what's gotten me out of
bed since the beginning was the chance
to make someone, anyone, laugh.
And did you know that we are 30 times
more likely to laugh with people? And
the surgeon general declared loneliness
more dangerous for us than smoking two
packs of cigarettes a day. and that
sharing laughter is proven to break
through feelings of isolation.
So adding all that up, by making people
laugh, I I'm more than earning my place
here. I'm rescuing people one laugh at a
time
until the laughter stops.
We keep my mother at home for as long as
we can, but within a few years it
becomes clear she needs to move to LA to
be near me and my family and very
quickly she realizes she isn't going
home and she becomes depressed and I
feel terrible. I've been a comedian for
20 years. I taught standup at UCLA for
10 and I've written several books on the
power of laughter in family life. And I
can't get my own mother to laugh, smile,
anything. And I'm at my dentist. And
because it's Los Angeles, she's also a
life coach.
I feel so guilty. I
You have nothing to feel guilty about.
She takes the cotton out of my mouth.
But I don't know. I feel terrible. I I
can't get my mother to laugh. I don't
know. Maybe I should hire someone else
to do it. Like someone not her daughter.
Good idea. Do it. So I post Looking for
comedian interested in gerontology. Paid
gig,
right? My phone rings. Seconds later,
it's a comedian in Los Angeles sitting
on park benches. Loves old people.
Seniors, forgive me. H I'm an old
person, so I get to say that now. Um,
and she's making them tell their
stories. So, I invite the woman over and
she comes in and at first she does
jokes, but you know, nothing. But then
she pulls up a chair and makes eye
contact with my mother and says, "I know
you don't want to talk to me. You're
probably thinking, who is this schmuck
just talking to me?"
And my mother hears the word schmuck and
her eyes light up.
Schmuck, she says like she's getting
away with something and then the
comedian being a comedian tops her.
That's right, schmuck. And then she says
schmuck and she says it's like a schmuck
off happening and everyone is laughing.
They're both laugh and I That's it. And
then and this is important. The comedian
hands my mother a glass of water and she
takes it. Trust had been created
through laughter.
Because that's another byproduct of
laughing with others. It creates trust.
Forbes also reported, "You laugh with
the people you trust."
Laughter can be used to quickly create
trust. And it's even better news for
people with Alzheimer's because the
University of Iowa discovered that in
cognitive decline, emotion outlasts
memory, which for us means, yeah,
they're going to forget the joke, but
the feeling of laughter stays with
I hire the woman on the spot eight hours
a week.
You're finding this so funny. It's
great. Um, but what wasn't funny is it
completely worked. Like the results were
undeniable. My mother started eating
again and and laughing and joining in
her community even when the comedian
wasn't there. So sure, laugh. But by now
you might be thinking, genius.
Thank you. But but there's a reveal and
it's pretty humbling and and actually
very good news for you. You don't need
to be a professional comedian to create
connection through laughter.
And realizing this, I thought that my
mother wasn't laughing with me because I
was her daughter. No, it turns out she
wasn't laughing because I was showing up
as a tense perfectionist.
Nobody laughs with that woman.
So realizing this, I started using the
tools that I've been teaching for
decades, like like responding to what's
happening right in the room and letting
go of the moment before and staying
curious and listening.
And no surprise, we found laughter.
My mother died five years ago
and um I'll always be grateful to that
first comedian
and then I figured out how to break
through and laugh with her in time. And
I actually wrote an article about the
experience for AP magazine and I got
hundreds of requests for comedians all
over the world.
So now I have a business that does that.
[applause]
And thank God for the timing because a
month later, COVID co global isolation
unlike anything any of us had ever
known. And I knew I could help.
[laughter]
So, I actually created lunchtime
laughter Monday through Friday, open to
the public, interactive comedy for
seniors, except very quickly, perfectly
lucid people were showing up,
who wanted comic relief.
So, here's something I didn't know.
Humans are not the only mammals who
laugh.
Yes, dolphins, chimps, even rats if you
tickle them just the right way.
But humans, we have language. We can use
language to create joyful humor. Right
now, Plato, Plato and his buddies, they
warned against the use of humor. They
said it was dangerous. It would only be
used for humiliation and to flex status
and superiority. But I don't know
because like babies laugh 300 times a
day and they have no idea who has the
fanciest crib.
Researchers today they talk about
affiliative humor. Humor that creates
trust and a sense of belonging. So, if
this is the goal, and I can't think of a
better time for this goal,
I am going to share with you four
comedians tools that I use with my
mother that will create connection and
laughter with anyone, whether they're
losing their mind or not.
Number one, show up and be present. Yes,
just go. Just go. Put your phone down
and show up for someone even when you
don't really feel like it. Because if
you don't go, you definitely won't
laugh. And as far as being present,
there is one sliver of a silver lining
with Alzheimer's. You can't
[clears throat]
regret the past or obsess about the
future. There's only now.
So, isn't that what we download
meditation apps for?
You never know where you're going to
find your teachers.
Number two,
know your audience. If I wanted to
connect with my mother, I had to meet
her where she was, not who she had been.
I had to pay attention to who she was
right now in the moment. Affiliative
humor is is never about superiority.
It's the direct result of staying
curious and listening and responding
authentically. It's also how we create
humor that unifies rather than divides.
Number three, let go of the moment
before.
If I tell a joke and it bombs, I can't
go off stage and cry. I mean, I can and
I have, but it's not helpful, right? I
need to reset and and with the faith
that the next one is going to land.
I'd be visiting my mother and she would
be disappointed and withdrawn and I'd
feel terrible. And then I'd look back
and she'd be waving and smiling.
And if I'd stayed in disappointment, I
would have missed that next moment of
joy. And this is true for so many of
life's experiences.
If we want to find laughter where we
least expect it, we have to reset,
refresh regularly, and reset with a hope
that whatever's going to be the next big
thing is going to work, whatever that
means for you.
Number four,
embrace imperfection.
Comedians know the funny is in the
mistakes. I mean, who doesn't laugh at a
good blooper reel?
But this is also true for us, for all of
us who are showing up moment to moment.
If we want to find laughter, we're going
to have to just accept exactly the way
things are in the moment. Embrace it.
Laugh with it. I am reminded thinking
about the need for imperfection of those
early days with my mother, with other
adult children, everyone trying to keep
a brave face. I'm fine. I'm fine. Me?
I'm fine.
Can we all please just stop saying we're
fine? [clears throat]
No one is fine. And worse, fine
is not funny.
Hey, so even if it makes us feel a
little bit exposed, in fact, especially
if it does, let's not say we're fine.
These then are my greatest hits for
creating laughter that makes people feel
good. Now, it won't make you a
professional comedian, but if you use
them, at the end of the day, you will
feel
83% less regret.
Okay, I made that up. No, I mean, think
about it. How could this not be true?
How could this not help with regret?
You're showing up when you don't want
to. You're responding authentically.
You're you're listening to someone. Even
if you're not laughing, you're helping
someone. And we 100% never regret this.
I want to leave you with one thing
that's worth repeating.
If you want to make the people you care
about laugh, you don't need to show up
with your scintillating, sarcastic wit.
You just need to have the courage to be
yourself
and the willingness
to embrace all the moments of life that
are imperfect
because there are so many and instead of
feeling alone with them.
That's my mother glamorous by the way. I
had to throw that in because she would
really like it.
Instead
of feeling alone during those imperfect
moments,
we could be laughing.
>> Thank you. [applause]
Thank you.
>> [applause]

Key Vocabulary

Start Practicing
Vocabulary Meanings

footsteps

/ˈfʊtˌstɛps/

B2
  • noun
  • - the sound made by someone walking

pacing

/ˈpeɪsɪŋ/

B2
  • verb
  • - walking back and forth in a small area due to anxiety or restlessness

matinee

/ˈmætɪˌneɪ/

C1
  • noun
  • - an afternoon performance of a play or film

byproduct

/ˈbaɪˌprɒdʌkt/

C1
  • noun
  • - an incidental or secondary product made during the manufacture or occurrence of something else

disorienting

/dɪsˈɔːriˌɛntɪŋ/

C2
  • adjective
  • - causing someone to lose their sense of direction or feel confused

meticulous

/məˈtɪkjʊləs/

C1
  • adjective
  • - showing great attention to detail; very careful and precise

traumatized

/ˈtrɔːməˌtaɪzd/

B2
  • adjective
  • - suffering from severe emotional shock

gerontology

/ˌdʒɛrənˈtɒlədʒi/

C2
  • noun
  • - the scientific study of old age and the process of aging

schmuck

/ʃmʌk/

C2
  • noun
  • - a foolish or contemptible person

cognitive

/ˈkɒɡnɪtɪv/

C1
  • adjective
  • - related to the mental processes of acquiring knowledge

undeniable

/ˌʌndɪˈnaɪəbl/

B2
  • adjective
  • - unable to be disputed or denied

humbling

/ˈhʌmlɪŋ/

B2
  • adjective
  • - causing someone to realize they are not as important or impressive as they thought

perfectionist

/pəˈfɛkʃənɪst/

B2
  • noun
  • - a person who refuses to accept any standard short of perfection

isolation

/ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/

B2
  • noun
  • - the process or fact of isolating or being isolated

scintillating

/ˈsɪntɪˌleɪtɪŋ/

C2
  • adjective
  • - brilliantly and excitingly clever or skillful

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Key Grammar Structures

  • I should have married Van Johnson.

    ➔ Modal perfect (should have + past participle)

    ➔ Used to express a past regret or an unfulfilled expectation.

  • I've spent from there until well probably right now trying to prove that my life was worth saving.

    ➔ Present Perfect Continuous (I have been trying)

    ➔ Describes an action started in the past and still continuing to the present.

  • You are 30 times more likely to laugh with people.

    ➔ Comparative structure with modifiers (X times + comparative adjective)

    ➔ Used to express the mathematical degree of probability or likelihood.

  • It's even better news for people with Alzheimer's because the University of Iowa discovered that in cognitive decline, emotion outlasts memory.

    ➔ Subordinate clause of reason (because + clause)

    ➔ Connects the main point with the evidence that justifies it.

  • If I want to find laughter where we least expect it, we have to reset, refresh regularly.

    ➔ First Conditional (If + present simple, will/have to + infinitive)

    ➔ Used to describe a realistic condition and its necessary result.

  • I wouldn't have missed that next moment of joy.

    ➔ Third Conditional (would have + past participle) - Imagining a different past

    ➔ Speculates about the consequences if a past situation had been different.

  • I'm reminded thinking about the need for imperfection of those early days.

    ➔ Passive voice (be + past participle) with gerund

    ➔ Shows that the subject is receiving the action of being reminded.

  • Instead of feeling alone during those imperfect moments, we could be laughing.

    ➔ Modal of possibility (could + be + ing)

    ➔ Suggests a possible alternative action for the future or present.

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