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in a previous video we hit the streets 00:00
of New York to find out what people do 00:01
for a living and how they afford to live 00:03
there and we came across this man who 00:05
used to be in the ship owning business 00:06
we turned this moment into a short 00:08
social media clip and it got 18 million 00:10
views what kind of stuff do you guys do 00:12
in New York what was your career ship 00:14
owning what really yes you own ships yes 00:15
what kind of ships mostly 00:19
tankers seriously yeah refined petroleum 00:21
product ships and you bought and sold 00:25
tankers yes so we found this guy flew to 00:26
Road Island and we're sitting down today 00:29
with Michael hudner to hear his full 00:31
story how much have you done in ship 00:33
real estate must have been well over a 00:35
billion dollars I mean there's a lot of 00:37
money I I'm trying to understand the 00:39
transition from going in a desk job into 00:40
the distress ship business I had a 00:43
passion most people don't actually they 00:45
have a lust but they don't have a dream 00:47
despite being able to live out his dream 00:49
life not everything went as planned do 00:50
you have any regrets let me talk about 00:53
the loss of my son quickly he became 00:55
schizophrenic when he was 19 he died in 00:57
a car accid he was a really brilliant 00:59
brilliant kid I wouldn't expect my son 01:02
to have respected 01:05
me if I fold it up on him you don't get 01:08
over losing a child but you learn to 01:11
live with it a lot of our content is 01:13
making money this is what this of course 01:15
it hits hits you in the face I if it 01:17
doesn't you're up we also take a deep 01:19
dive into Michael's views on money 01:22
culture you mentioned the money culture 01:23
is getting out of hand and it's not 01:25
something we should teach children our 01:26
world now you can be famous and 01:27
considered a celebrity just for having 01:30
money the money culture is running wild 01:32
and nobody puts any breaks on it let's 01:34
find out how Michael went from a desk 01:36
job to owning over 140 ships and how he 01:38
overcame the challenges and adversities 01:41
he had to face on his journey this is 01:43
the crazy one of the craziest interviews 01:46
we've ever post done so we did this 01:48
video walking around New York that 01:51
people that were well-dressed that 01:52
looked might I dare say wealthy so we 01:54
walked around New York looked at people 01:57
that were wealthy and asked them what do 01:59
they do for living how's New York an 02:00
advice for people like you and me and we 02:01
we shat out with you and you said you 02:04
owned oil tankers which we never met 02:05
anyone like that and then you also 02:07
talked about the money culture and that 02:09
clip as of today and it's probably 02:11
Higher by the time this video comes out 02:12
is at 17 million 02:13
views we tracked you down flew to Rhode 02:15
Island and now we're here to learn more 02:18
about the oil tanker business your story 02:20
and and all your adventures uh you asked 02:23
me what I did and I said I basically own 02:25
ships and that was something I got into 02:28
with a Norwegian partner in 1978 and we 02:30
spent a couple of year I spent several 02:34
years I was in the real estate Finance 02:36
business on Wall Street going to law 02:38
school at 02:40
night and I had two 02:41
passions one was the marine environment 02:43
and I grew up around here aranet Bay we 02:47
had a small boat when I was a kid 16 and 02:50
a half foot sail boat as a kid I always 02:52
wondered what it was like to go over the 02:56
horizon 02:59
not like Columbus Flat Earth I didn't 03:00
mean that just like what's it like it 03:02
just grabbed me and then I got enamored 03:04
of financial structures as I got older 03:07
for complicated reasons but they 03:09
appealed to me yeah mentally 03:11
intellectually we pioneered a number of 03:14
financial vehicles for international 03:17
shipping in the New York Capital markets 03:20
things that hadn't been done before and 03:23
they were built on my experience in the 03:25
real estate Finance business for six 03:27
years plus the benefit of the legal 03:30
training I got although I never 03:32
practiced and I had no intention to 03:33
practice but we basically took real 03:35
estate Finance Concepts and applied them 03:38
to ships and I made it a point to track 03:40
the capital markets for property for 03:44
real estate and I felt like if I could 03:46
get enough time with somebody who was an 03:49
investor in real estate I could get him 03:51
into a ship which was sort of floating 03:53
real estate very simply put and then how 03:54
much have you done in shipped real 03:57
estate sh fin okay so the the dollar 03:59
value of the 140 plus ships I never 04:01
added it all up but it must have been 04:05
well over a billion dollars I mean it 04:07
was a lot of money of ships that bought 04:10
and sold yeah the biggest deal we did 04:12
was buying the Canadian Pacific Fleet 04:15
that was 19 ships in one go one contract 04:18
so you started your career out in real 04:21
estate yeah and like how did you get 04:22
into that and then what kind of real 04:24
estate we were a Wall Street shop we're 04:25
the first dedicated real estate Finance 04:27
shop on Wall Street East still realy was 04:30
a product it was a subsidiary of East M 04:32
Dillan and Union Securities and then as 04:37
employees we got to own some of the 04:40
stock um we our clients Were Real Estate 04:42
developers big companies a lot of Texans 04:46
I mean traml Crow was a big client 04:49
and um Lincoln property I want to get 04:52
into the real estate business but from a 04:56
financial point of view this is because 04:58
of somebody I met the father of a girl I 04:59
know who had done this for himself and 05:02
he left the corporate world cuz he' 05:05
figured out how to buy a distressed 05:07
piece of real estate with somebody else 05:10
and they were off and running and they 05:12
left the corporate world which is an 05:14
important thing to be able to do to get 05:16
off to get away from W2 income I mean if 05:18
you got people who are trying to figure 05:21
out how to do this you got to keep your 05:23
expenses 05:24
down it helps if you have an 05:26
understanding wife 05:28
if you don't have an understanding wife 05:30
it's probably better not to have a wife 05:31
but that's like getting out of W2 income 05:34
I think that's a really important Point 05:35
yeah yeah what does that mean to you 05:37
Freedom you're working for yourself so 05:40
now you're an artist in a studio what do 05:43
you want to create that's how I sort of 05:45
felt but I had to I had to do something 05:48
because I had to eat and I was in fact 05:50
married at the time that I did it and my 05:54
wife was very understanding very 05:56
understanding that I had an 06:00
entrepreneurial Drive I didn't think of 06:02
it as being an entrepreneur I just 06:04
thought of it as wanting to lead my own 06:05
life but in today's world that's leads 06:08
to 06:11
entrepreneurship I I'm trying to 06:12
understand the transition you know from 06:14
going in a in a a desk job a very 06:16
standard New York Finance desk job into 06:18
the distress ship business because I 06:20
think a lot of people have dreams they 06:22
say I have a job in in Accounting in 06:24
well if they have that dream they're all 06:27
set just have to follow it yeah I did I 06:28
most people don't 06:32
actually they have a lust but they don't 06:34
have a dream or an 06:36
Envy I had a passion I mean I loved the 06:38
marine 06:41
environment the Marine World I wasn't 06:43
into it as an environmentalist exactly 06:45
but I loved being on boats loved the 06:48
ocean I had a Fascination for what it 06:50
might be like to go over the horizon I 06:53
told you and and then I got enamored of 06:56
financial structures which was just 06:58
something innate in me I wasn't a 07:00
mathematician that's a damn sure but I I 07:02
just the logic of it and the way it 07:05
worked was appealing to me and then I 07:07
saw the possible synthesis of those 07:09
things nobody was doing it that's 07:11
attractive and I felt 07:14
like whatever I do with my life I wanted 07:16
to make a difference that I was 07:20
there so that kind of works against 07:24
being a cog and a will 07:27
or whatever you call it like a tooth and 07:31
a cog I 07:32
mean that didn't work for me as I got to 07:34
know myself better as part of the 07:37
maturation process in your 20s I 07:39
realized I'm not really cut out to work 07:42
for somebody it's not because I want to 07:44
tell everybody else what to do I don't 07:46
have any interest in that actually but I 07:49
don't want to be told what to do I and 07:52
then you have to accept the consequences 07:55
of that I mean if you want to and my 07:56
father's father had a saying apparently 08:00
because I never knew him he died before 08:02
I was born born in 08:03
1862 he said the people who say they 08:06
never had a chance never took a chance 08:10
one thing I've got to highlight is that 08:13
whether you're buying housing or cars or 08:14
real estate or businesses you don't even 08:16
have to have the money yourself you can 08:19
do what you do which is fundrais I had 08:20
no money I still had some college loans 08:22
the 08:24
world has a lot of capital looking for a 08:25
home and there's a natural potentially 08:28
stressful relationship between operating 08:31
partners and Financial Partners the 08:34
financial partners need operating people 08:36
I mean if you were a guy downtown New 08:39
York doing Financial deals you can't go 08:41
buy a ship you can write the check and 08:44
then you'll go broke you won't know what 08:45
the hell to do and believe me there's no 08:47
good book to read about this because 08:50
you're 08:51
running uh you're operating in a 08:52
fundamentally hostile environment and 08:54
it's saltwater and all the vagaries of 08:56
the weather which can be boiling hot or 08:58
Arctic cold and you're running steel and 09:01
Machinery I mean good luck so you can't 09:04
do it as a novice somebody's got to know 09:07
what the hell they're doing on the 09:09
operating side so this is we you know 09:11
we're we need each other but then the 09:15
you know I'd like to own ships and keep 09:18
operating them and the uh the financial 09:19
people want to get out so that's there 09:22
you know that that's an inherent tension 09:25
in any industry financial people 09:27
operating people but they're looking for 09:29
you I mean they need us I mean I didn't 09:30
know that when I was a kid you know I 09:33
thought wow you get the money well but 09:35
people have money and they don't get 09:38
paid to sit on it they get paid to 09:39
invest it so that that's that's 09:41
available for everybody who knows what 09:44
they're 09:45
doing I've been working hard on my 09:46
upcoming book million dooll weekend 09:49
which is coming out early 2024 stay 09:50
tuned looking through my notes I found a 09:53
lost chapter that is not in the final 09:55
book very mysterious it reveals things 09:57
like how to double your income without 10:00
any new customer how to create 10:02
complimentary products to generate more 10:04
income one solar preneur did this and 10:06
made an extra 10:08
$340,000 how to optimize pricing 10:09
strategy and maximize profits and more 10:11
the Lost chapter is not online or Amazon 10:14
or anywhere else it is only for people 10:17
on my list like you you can download it 10:19
for free at noah.com 10:21
lost that's noah.com lost it's also 10:25
Below in the description all right back 10:29
to the video what were some of the most 10:30
challenging stories or moments in this 10:32
career my son became ill with 10:34
schizophrenia when he was 19 he died at 10:36
23 my wife after 40 years of marriage 10:38
well during the 40th year she had glol 10:42
blastoma and died at the end of that 10:45
year and I I I've survived good times 10:47
and bad times and I'm very deeply 10:49
motivated to try to be helpful to people 10:52
because the things I've been through 10:54
they were so difficult I'm not patting 10:57
myself on the back they were just 11:00
difficult and I was able to get through 11:01
I like to be helpful to people and 11:03
encourage people th it out and 11:05
don't don't run and don't take shortcuts 11:09
that you will regret how did you keep 11:13
going uh when your son passed away I'm 11:16
sorry to hear that in your wife let me 11:19
talk about the loss of my son quickly he 11:21
became schizophrenic when he was 11:23
19 he was a really brilliant brilliant 11:25
kid and his behavior changed and we said 11:30
like what the hell's going on 11:32
here and nobody suspected any kind of 11:34
Mental Illness but that's what it was he 11:37
died in a car accident he took my pickup 11:40
truck and went to Cambridge 11:42
Massachusetts from Little Compton where 11:45
he was spending the weekend which he 11:46
shouldn't have done that was beyond his 11:48
he was okay for driving around town I 11:51
didn't want him on the 11:53
highway and he I think had a paranoid 11:55
episode based on the observations of his 11:58
driving from Full River down to Little 12:01
Compton on the return trip and 12:04
he lost control of the car my wife and 12:07
I were joined at the hip to deal with 12:11
his 12:15
illness and or to help him deal with his 12:17
illness and then when he 12:20
died we were devastated and for some 12:22
months the emotional pain was so severe 12:27
it became physical 12:31
pain and you want to you don't want to 12:34
get up in the morning but you get up and 12:37
then you're standing up you want to fall 12:39
down on the ground and stay there but 12:40
you literally you figuratively and 12:44
somewhat literally you have like 12:47
hundreds of people standing 12:49
shoulder-to-shoulder with you who want 12:50
to help you so you can't just fall back 12:53
down on the ground because then you're 12:56
letting them down you're not doing 12:59
yourself any good not doing my son any 13:01
good and I said to my wife hope I said 13:03
you know we got 13:05
to get this in some kind of perspective 13:08
or context so we can live with it 13:11
because this is this this is torture the 13:12
only thing worse than the way that we 13:15
felt would be if we didn't feel that 13:18
way then what the hell was this all 13:22
about you're telling yourself how much 13:26
you love your 13:28
child and the investment you 13:29
made emotionally and time and giving up 13:32
other things it's all when you 13:37
got a problem like that there's only one 13:39
thing you're interested in it's 13:40
somebody's health and I realized we are 13:42
hostages to love in life you don't get 13:46
over losing a child but you learn to 13:49
live with it we moved on from that and 13:50
had the 13:53
realization that um we had been given in 13:54
a sense 13:58
a 13:59
very um expensive and painful gift from 14:00
our 14:04
son which was 14:05
um you get your heart 14:12
enlarged and you become a lot more aware 14:17
of suffering around you people that are 14:22
have problems and have challenges and 14:24
could use help 14:28
and you become 14:31
more not only more empathetic but more 14:34
proactively empathetic where you act out 14:37
your empathy by trying to be helpful to 14:39
people and I'm 14:41
sure that like me if you knew you were 14:43
on the sidewalk talking to somebody 14:47
whose next move after talking to you was 14:49
to go 20 floors up in some building and 14:51
jump there isn't anything you wouldn't 14:53
say or do to stop to try to stop that so 14:55
I stick my nose into problematic 14:59
situations that people are having and I 15:02
don't care if they want to hit me I 15:04
mean I I might be able to be 15:05
helpful and I wouldn't say 15:10
I've helped somebody in that extreme 15:13
case I described but I've definitely 15:15
helped people who were lost and and 15:17
needed it so that's a 15:22
gift 15:27
from my 15:32
son and it 15:35
uh shouldn't waste 15:39
it you can see how tough it 15:46
is 15:49
sometimes but 15:53
uh that's that's the the way we're 15:56
made but boy I'll tell you when you have 16:04
problems it certainly whatever 16:09
quotient you were carrying through your 16:12
life it gets reduced pretty close to 16:15
zero because you really come in touch 16:19
with what's important I can't imagine 16:22
let me just start there you should and 16:24
I'm sorry that you no no I mean we don't 16:26
deal the cards in life we have to play 16:29
them and everybody should understand 16:32
that I wouldn't expect my son to have 16:34
respected 16:37
me if I fold it up on 16:39
him I had two basic jobs which was to uh 16:45
protect my family and provide for 16:49
them 16:53
so anyway we should get back to shipping 16:56
I want to talk about the economics of 16:59
shipping no no I I'm genuinely curious 17:00
because I I think a lot of our content 17:03
is making money living but it's not even 17:05
about making money it's how to live a 17:07
good life and I guess I was curious how 17:09
that probably put in perspective like 17:11
you're making all this money and you're 17:13
losing money but you're like holy 17:14
this is the thing I'm assuming this is 17:16
what matters this is of course and this 17:19
the money all it hits hits you in the 17:21
face I mean if it doesn't you're 17:23
up I I mean look I don't pretend to be 17:26
immune to that but um that's why I made 17:30
my comments about the money culture and 17:35
especially for kids I 17:38
mean you know it's tough on them I mean 17:40
I see the kids today they all think they 17:44
should have what their parents have and 17:46
their parents might have spent a 17:47
generation working for it and that's not 17:49
true of everybody some people are born 17:51
with it that wasn't my case it's 17:53
important to to live a full life and a 17:55
good life 17:58
life and it's its own reward and I think 18:00
that 18:03
um I'm not naive about it I said when we 18:04
spoke the first time I said you know 18:08
everybody it's it's nice to have some 18:09
money in your pocket I get that totally 18:11
I totally totally get that but you but 18:13
you can't destroy yourself for it and um 18:15
I think you want to be careful not to 18:19
burn out your marriage for it which 18:21
happens in a lot of cases especially in 18:23
the professions where time is everything 18:25
time time time in is everything um one 18:28
of the advantages of Entrepreneurship is 18:33
if you get things 18:35
rolling you can decide who you want to 18:37
do business with that's very good for 18:40
dealing with the quotient in 18:42
your life like if you were in a big Law 18:43
Firm I don't want to work with that guy 18:46
well hey you want to get 18:48
paid you know it's we don't have to do 18:52
business with that guy and if that means 18:55
we make a little less 18:57
we have a better life for it I mean I'm 18:59
I'm not trying to be I love it utopian 19:00
but you got to think 19:03
about the cost benefit of things how 19:05
else have you enjoyed your money from 19:08
your business successes the one material 19:09
thing I had a desire for I mean it's a 19:12
slight exaggeration but not too much 19:17
when I was younger was to have a 19:19
cruising boat that would allow me to get 19:22
away I worked on first of we had a 19:24
little 16 and 1/2t boat when I was a kid 19:26
five miles from 19:28
here great but then I worked on boats 19:30
two summers when I was in college so I 19:34
got paid to learn how to run a big boat 19:36
I mean you know 47 feet 57 feet we one 19:39
guy did nothing but crws with his wife 19:43
and the other guy only wanted to race so 19:45
um it just always I responded to that uh 19:51
and I have a boat I got to say 60ft 19:56
sailboat I've had the boat for 32 years 19:58
and it was built for me and my first 20:01
wife in fact I I did everything I said 20:03
you shouldn't do I was working too hard 20:06
I was taking a lot of risks in the late 20:08
80s looked like we'd split up and then 20:10
we go back together which 20:13
was the way it should have been and as 20:16
our Getting Back Together project we 20:19
already had two perfect children so 20:21
didn't need to go for three and uh we 20:23
had this boat built 20:27
in the fantasy of the boat was 20:28
longdistance relatively short-handed 20:30
cruising were there other things that 20:32
you thought would give you more joy from 20:35
business success like or things that you 20:37
bought or did and you're like this 20:38
didn't really satisfy me in the way that 20:39
people might expect or imagine when I 20:41
saw the Life Style in New York I 20:43
realized this isn't really for 20:46
me and the value of having a lot of cash 20:48
is that I mean my son very smart comment 20:51
he made when he was about 20 he said 20:54
money is 20:57
energy 20 years 21:01
old and um I had seen having more 21:04
Capital as extra colors on a pallet so 21:09
you're working on a canvas and you can 21:14
do more things with it but um you don't 21:16
have to have the money we touched on 21:22
this earlier I mean money is around 21:23
people who've got money or who run money 21:26
are looking for things to do with people 21:28
they think they can do it with 21:31
successfully so you can do 21:33
both 21:35
um but when you start seeing people who 21:39
can only talk about money and people who 21:42
can only think about money and they want 21:45
to tell you how expensive the wine was 21:46
that they had last night I'm telling you 21:48
drink it tonight pee it in the morning I 21:51
mean I don't care what you're dealing 21:53
with that's the that's the story nobody 21:55
no nobody's doing it any different and 21:58
um it's a question of your values and 22:03
I'm not trying to be preachy here but 22:06
just I think it's sustaining and I think 22:08
as a society of free people who respect 22:09
the rule of law and 22:13
value human dignity and human 22:16
life and 22:20
opportunity how much money do you need I 22:24
think the whole things are going crazy 22:27
and finance capitalism is a double-edged 22:29
sword you know a lot of goods come out 22:32
of it because things have been done to 22:34
create more value more wealth Finance 22:37
more 22:41
Innovation but boy we're getting it's so 22:42
heavily skewed now it's just crazy can 22:45
you elaborate on that because you you 22:48
mentioned the money culture is getting 22:50
out of hand and it's not something we 22:51
should teach children and you said 22:52
people are celebrities now simply for 22:54
having money but it says nothing of your 22:56
care character yeah so can can you 22:57
elaborate on this this theme and your 22:59
your feelings around this the the prime 23:01
civic virtue of character has pretty 23:03
much been replaced by 23:06
celebrity and you can be famous for 23:09
having done something but in our world 23:12
now you can be famous and considered a 23:15
celebrity just for having money so 23:18
that's the difference in the from where 23:21
I grew up and I I mean this is in New 23:23
England I I mean it's different here but 23:25
um I don't think it's healthy and it's 23:29
happening all over the world the money 23:32
culture is running wild and nobody puts 23:34
any breaks on it with with your career 23:36
and do you have any regrets like you 23:39
work too hard was it all worth it I I 23:41
don't have regrets about that I mean I 23:44
can say there were times when work got 23:46
in the way of things you know you're 23:48
it's a constant Balancing Act in life 23:51
you can't do all things at all times and 23:53
I'm very I'm totally at peace with uh 23:56
how I lived my life recognizing numerous 24:00
mistakes I feel like life is uh you live 24:02
it like an elastic 24:05
band and you can take it out to the 24:07
limits and you can hold it there for a 24:10
while but you're got to let it come back 24:12
in then you can take it out again but if 24:14
you take it out too far you're going to 24:18
break it and then it's done and you 24:20
can't live in here so I think people 24:24
have to be mindful of that then you can 24:28
work it out but if 24:29
you try to do all the things all the 24:31
time I don't see how that works I had an 24:35
incredibly rich 24:37
life not 24:39
easy but a rich rewarding satisfying 24:41
life 24:45
and I'm grateful and I'm grateful to 24:47
have been born in this country where 24:51
these 24:53
opportunities are found more readily 24:54
than any place else for a lot of our 24:57
audience that wants to make money they 24:59
they dream of making a million dollars 25:01
what advice do you have for someone 25:03
who's a young person that would like to 25:04
make a million dollars or more money try 25:06
things and 25:08
see what gives you 25:09
pleasure in doing it and then consider 25:14
following that ramping up your 25:18
involvement and ramping up your 25:20
productivity in that area because I 25:22
think that's a great start I mean would 25:24
you out with a woman that you weren't 25:27
attracted 25:29
to what's the point you know there are 25:31
things that we're attracted to you just 25:33
have to let yourself find out and 25:35
getting to know can be as important as 25:37
getting to yes so you save yourself a 25:40
lot of trouble well I'm not going to be 25:44
a lawyer well okay I'm not going to be a 25:45
doctor okay I think I'll be a 25:48
photographer wow did you see that Sunset 25:51
yesterday or whatever it is you know I 25:54
mean just that's why I mean your stomach 25:55
tells you things that your brain won't 25:59
let through if you have a passion for 26:01
something it is a form of compensation I 26:03
mean to some extent you I mean you got 26:06
to have cheeseburger money but it it's 26:08
its own it is its own reward and it gets 26:10
you through the hard times when you're 26:14
just 26:17
working because you're making money at 26:18
it I I couldn't stand the merit badge 26:20
approach I'm doing this because I want a 26:23
merit badge so I can then do that and 26:25
get another merit badge which a lot of 26:28
people I'm sure you've seen this a lot 26:29
of people maybe not the guys you're 26:32
talking to they've all broken 26:34
out but most of the world seems to be on 26:38
that path they're looking for approval 26:42
which makes you a 26:44
conformist I'm not saying people should 26:46
be wildly non-conformists 26:48
but don't be afraid to be a majority of 26:52
one can you break down the ship owning 26:55
business model like how you make money 26:57
let's let's specifically do this 26:58
Canadian one you were talking about like 26:59
how much did the deal cost like how do 27:01
you make money on it how do you even you 27:03
know do you look online are the Yellow 27:05
Pages you know you're like oh let me 27:07
just I hadn't thought of that yeah like 27:09
but specifically this Canadian one you 27:11
said it was the best deal of all time 27:12
for you guys like what what did the 27:14
numbers look like and walk us through 27:15
that well it covered the most ground the 27:16
fastest I mean it was one transaction it 27:19
was it was 19 chips and I've forgotten 27:22
some of the numbers this was in 1988 it 27:24
was around1 165 or $170 million in a 27:27
soft Market that was the price of the 27:31
fleet I mean you can pay that for a 27:34
single ship you know of some type so the 27:36
numbers can get big 27:39
um the best analogy and this will help 27:41
any 27:45
viewer is to real estate this is a hard 27:46
asset business we're renting 27:50
space in a 27:52
Marketplace and we're subject to the 27:54
laws of supply and demand and I mean and 27:57
then some much greater volatility than 28:00
real estate but it's comparable and it's 28:03
Capital 28:06
intensive um you don't get a premium 28:07
particularly for the value of your 28:10
management I mean you're buying and 28:12
selling assets and everything comes back 28:14
to a net 28:17
asset perspective not like price 28:18
earnings and growth potential and all 28:21
that 28:24
um so you you make your 28:26
money with cash flow that you generate 28:28
from the ships and then if your timing 28:31
was good you may get asset 28:34
appreciation that is not absolutely 28:37
necessary to have a successful 28:40
investment it's it's icing on the cake 28:42
if you get it but um you could build a 28:44
ship and have long-term employment and 28:47
get it paid down substantially the trick 28:50
here is to reduce the risk as fast as 28:53
possible and then hang on 28:55
for either normal markets which are 28:58
quite 29:00
rewarding or super hot markets which are 29:01
spectacularly rewarding and me the cash 29:05
is coming out of these ships like water 29:07
out of a hydrant and and last thing is 29:09
what is your one what is one story from 29:11
running your own shipping company like 29:14
what's the story that comes to mind that 29:15
that makes you smile or that you're 29:17
really proud of you know who DK Ludwig 29:18
was Daniel K Ludwick at the end of World 29:20
War I he was probably the biggest trip 29:23
owner 29:26
nonc nonpublic in the world had over 100 29:28
ships guy had about an eighth grade 29:32
education he had built in Japan two 29:34
structures one was a power plant and one 29:39
was a pulp Mill and he had them floated 29:41
over across the Pacific up the amazon 29:44
and set on pilings on the river 29:47
jar and he was growing eucalyptus trees 29:51
a fast growing tropical tree to turn 29:54
them into pulp and then the Brazil some 29:56
Brazilian political people started 29:59
trying to move in on them and they 30:01
wanted to get paid for this and that and 30:02
he 30:05
said and he shut it 30:06
down and he this was in his later years 30:09
and he wrote off 500 million bucks which 30:11
at that time was a monstrous amount of 30:14
money he died his right-hand man was a 30:16
guy I knew when I was talking to them 30:19
about some ships they still owned and 30:21
might want to sell we're in Old Man 30:23
Ludwig's office in this guy is telling 30:25
me this story that one day old man 30:28
lewick says to him so the river Jarry 30:31
project what do you think of that he's 30:34
sort of got a conventional view of this 30:36
500 million bucks is a lot of money to 30:38
lose an unthinkable amount of money to 30:40
lose it's an unthinkable amount of money 30:43
okay so the guy kind of mumbles say yeah 30:46
he said well it was a success and the 30:50
guy mumbles a little more he doesn't 30:53
know what to say to his boss he say it 30:55
was a success because we did it now this 30:57
is another part of the story which is 31:01
true I was walking across town at one 31:03
point on 59th Street and across the 31:07
street I thought I saw DK lwig walking 31:10
down the street I was not in the 31:12
shipping business at that time but I was 31:15
thinking about it so he's walking down 31:17
the street I hear him say this guy well 31:19
you got to be a bit of a dreamer in life 31:20
and I thought oh my God so you ask me 31:22
now my greatest satis action is not a 31:25
single story but the fact that I did it 31:28
if you like this video you are going to 31:30
love this video right up here where I 31:32
talk to 5 millionaires over the age of 31:34
80 and ask them if the money was worth 31:36
all the sacrifices they made make sure 31:38
you're subscribe to the channel if you 31:41
are not already we have some exciting 31:42
billionaire interviews coming soon Uncle 31:44
Noah loves you and I'll see you out 31:46
there PE PE 31:47

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[English]
in a previous video we hit the streets
of New York to find out what people do
for a living and how they afford to live
there and we came across this man who
used to be in the ship owning business
we turned this moment into a short
social media clip and it got 18 million
views what kind of stuff do you guys do
in New York what was your career ship
owning what really yes you own ships yes
what kind of ships mostly
tankers seriously yeah refined petroleum
product ships and you bought and sold
tankers yes so we found this guy flew to
Road Island and we're sitting down today
with Michael hudner to hear his full
story how much have you done in ship
real estate must have been well over a
billion dollars I mean there's a lot of
money I I'm trying to understand the
transition from going in a desk job into
the distress ship business I had a
passion most people don't actually they
have a lust but they don't have a dream
despite being able to live out his dream
life not everything went as planned do
you have any regrets let me talk about
the loss of my son quickly he became
schizophrenic when he was 19 he died in
a car accid he was a really brilliant
brilliant kid I wouldn't expect my son
to have respected
me if I fold it up on him you don't get
over losing a child but you learn to
live with it a lot of our content is
making money this is what this of course
it hits hits you in the face I if it
doesn't you're up we also take a deep
dive into Michael's views on money
culture you mentioned the money culture
is getting out of hand and it's not
something we should teach children our
world now you can be famous and
considered a celebrity just for having
money the money culture is running wild
and nobody puts any breaks on it let's
find out how Michael went from a desk
job to owning over 140 ships and how he
overcame the challenges and adversities
he had to face on his journey this is
the crazy one of the craziest interviews
we've ever post done so we did this
video walking around New York that
people that were well-dressed that
looked might I dare say wealthy so we
walked around New York looked at people
that were wealthy and asked them what do
they do for living how's New York an
advice for people like you and me and we
we shat out with you and you said you
owned oil tankers which we never met
anyone like that and then you also
talked about the money culture and that
clip as of today and it's probably
Higher by the time this video comes out
is at 17 million
views we tracked you down flew to Rhode
Island and now we're here to learn more
about the oil tanker business your story
and and all your adventures uh you asked
me what I did and I said I basically own
ships and that was something I got into
with a Norwegian partner in 1978 and we
spent a couple of year I spent several
years I was in the real estate Finance
business on Wall Street going to law
school at
night and I had two
passions one was the marine environment
and I grew up around here aranet Bay we
had a small boat when I was a kid 16 and
a half foot sail boat as a kid I always
wondered what it was like to go over the
horizon
not like Columbus Flat Earth I didn't
mean that just like what's it like it
just grabbed me and then I got enamored
of financial structures as I got older
for complicated reasons but they
appealed to me yeah mentally
intellectually we pioneered a number of
financial vehicles for international
shipping in the New York Capital markets
things that hadn't been done before and
they were built on my experience in the
real estate Finance business for six
years plus the benefit of the legal
training I got although I never
practiced and I had no intention to
practice but we basically took real
estate Finance Concepts and applied them
to ships and I made it a point to track
the capital markets for property for
real estate and I felt like if I could
get enough time with somebody who was an
investor in real estate I could get him
into a ship which was sort of floating
real estate very simply put and then how
much have you done in shipped real
estate sh fin okay so the the dollar
value of the 140 plus ships I never
added it all up but it must have been
well over a billion dollars I mean it
was a lot of money of ships that bought
and sold yeah the biggest deal we did
was buying the Canadian Pacific Fleet
that was 19 ships in one go one contract
so you started your career out in real
estate yeah and like how did you get
into that and then what kind of real
estate we were a Wall Street shop we're
the first dedicated real estate Finance
shop on Wall Street East still realy was
a product it was a subsidiary of East M
Dillan and Union Securities and then as
employees we got to own some of the
stock um we our clients Were Real Estate
developers big companies a lot of Texans
I mean traml Crow was a big client
and um Lincoln property I want to get
into the real estate business but from a
financial point of view this is because
of somebody I met the father of a girl I
know who had done this for himself and
he left the corporate world cuz he'
figured out how to buy a distressed
piece of real estate with somebody else
and they were off and running and they
left the corporate world which is an
important thing to be able to do to get
off to get away from W2 income I mean if
you got people who are trying to figure
out how to do this you got to keep your
expenses
down it helps if you have an
understanding wife
if you don't have an understanding wife
it's probably better not to have a wife
but that's like getting out of W2 income
I think that's a really important Point
yeah yeah what does that mean to you
Freedom you're working for yourself so
now you're an artist in a studio what do
you want to create that's how I sort of
felt but I had to I had to do something
because I had to eat and I was in fact
married at the time that I did it and my
wife was very understanding very
understanding that I had an
entrepreneurial Drive I didn't think of
it as being an entrepreneur I just
thought of it as wanting to lead my own
life but in today's world that's leads
to
entrepreneurship I I'm trying to
understand the transition you know from
going in a in a a desk job a very
standard New York Finance desk job into
the distress ship business because I
think a lot of people have dreams they
say I have a job in in Accounting in
well if they have that dream they're all
set just have to follow it yeah I did I
most people don't
actually they have a lust but they don't
have a dream or an
Envy I had a passion I mean I loved the
marine
environment the Marine World I wasn't
into it as an environmentalist exactly
but I loved being on boats loved the
ocean I had a Fascination for what it
might be like to go over the horizon I
told you and and then I got enamored of
financial structures which was just
something innate in me I wasn't a
mathematician that's a damn sure but I I
just the logic of it and the way it
worked was appealing to me and then I
saw the possible synthesis of those
things nobody was doing it that's
attractive and I felt
like whatever I do with my life I wanted
to make a difference that I was
there so that kind of works against
being a cog and a will
or whatever you call it like a tooth and
a cog I
mean that didn't work for me as I got to
know myself better as part of the
maturation process in your 20s I
realized I'm not really cut out to work
for somebody it's not because I want to
tell everybody else what to do I don't
have any interest in that actually but I
don't want to be told what to do I and
then you have to accept the consequences
of that I mean if you want to and my
father's father had a saying apparently
because I never knew him he died before
I was born born in
1862 he said the people who say they
never had a chance never took a chance
one thing I've got to highlight is that
whether you're buying housing or cars or
real estate or businesses you don't even
have to have the money yourself you can
do what you do which is fundrais I had
no money I still had some college loans
the
world has a lot of capital looking for a
home and there's a natural potentially
stressful relationship between operating
partners and Financial Partners the
financial partners need operating people
I mean if you were a guy downtown New
York doing Financial deals you can't go
buy a ship you can write the check and
then you'll go broke you won't know what
the hell to do and believe me there's no
good book to read about this because
you're
running uh you're operating in a
fundamentally hostile environment and
it's saltwater and all the vagaries of
the weather which can be boiling hot or
Arctic cold and you're running steel and
Machinery I mean good luck so you can't
do it as a novice somebody's got to know
what the hell they're doing on the
operating side so this is we you know
we're we need each other but then the
you know I'd like to own ships and keep
operating them and the uh the financial
people want to get out so that's there
you know that that's an inherent tension
in any industry financial people
operating people but they're looking for
you I mean they need us I mean I didn't
know that when I was a kid you know I
thought wow you get the money well but
people have money and they don't get
paid to sit on it they get paid to
invest it so that that's that's
available for everybody who knows what
they're
doing I've been working hard on my
upcoming book million dooll weekend
which is coming out early 2024 stay
tuned looking through my notes I found a
lost chapter that is not in the final
book very mysterious it reveals things
like how to double your income without
any new customer how to create
complimentary products to generate more
income one solar preneur did this and
made an extra
$340,000 how to optimize pricing
strategy and maximize profits and more
the Lost chapter is not online or Amazon
or anywhere else it is only for people
on my list like you you can download it
for free at noah.com
lost that's noah.com lost it's also
Below in the description all right back
to the video what were some of the most
challenging stories or moments in this
career my son became ill with
schizophrenia when he was 19 he died at
23 my wife after 40 years of marriage
well during the 40th year she had glol
blastoma and died at the end of that
year and I I I've survived good times
and bad times and I'm very deeply
motivated to try to be helpful to people
because the things I've been through
they were so difficult I'm not patting
myself on the back they were just
difficult and I was able to get through
I like to be helpful to people and
encourage people th it out and
don't don't run and don't take shortcuts
that you will regret how did you keep
going uh when your son passed away I'm
sorry to hear that in your wife let me
talk about the loss of my son quickly he
became schizophrenic when he was
19 he was a really brilliant brilliant
kid and his behavior changed and we said
like what the hell's going on
here and nobody suspected any kind of
Mental Illness but that's what it was he
died in a car accident he took my pickup
truck and went to Cambridge
Massachusetts from Little Compton where
he was spending the weekend which he
shouldn't have done that was beyond his
he was okay for driving around town I
didn't want him on the
highway and he I think had a paranoid
episode based on the observations of his
driving from Full River down to Little
Compton on the return trip and
he lost control of the car my wife and
I were joined at the hip to deal with
his
illness and or to help him deal with his
illness and then when he
died we were devastated and for some
months the emotional pain was so severe
it became physical
pain and you want to you don't want to
get up in the morning but you get up and
then you're standing up you want to fall
down on the ground and stay there but
you literally you figuratively and
somewhat literally you have like
hundreds of people standing
shoulder-to-shoulder with you who want
to help you so you can't just fall back
down on the ground because then you're
letting them down you're not doing
yourself any good not doing my son any
good and I said to my wife hope I said
you know we got
to get this in some kind of perspective
or context so we can live with it
because this is this this is torture the
only thing worse than the way that we
felt would be if we didn't feel that
way then what the hell was this all
about you're telling yourself how much
you love your
child and the investment you
made emotionally and time and giving up
other things it's all when you
got a problem like that there's only one
thing you're interested in it's
somebody's health and I realized we are
hostages to love in life you don't get
over losing a child but you learn to
live with it we moved on from that and
had the
realization that um we had been given in
a sense
a
very um expensive and painful gift from
our
son which was
um you get your heart
enlarged and you become a lot more aware
of suffering around you people that are
have problems and have challenges and
could use help
and you become
more not only more empathetic but more
proactively empathetic where you act out
your empathy by trying to be helpful to
people and I'm
sure that like me if you knew you were
on the sidewalk talking to somebody
whose next move after talking to you was
to go 20 floors up in some building and
jump there isn't anything you wouldn't
say or do to stop to try to stop that so
I stick my nose into problematic
situations that people are having and I
don't care if they want to hit me I
mean I I might be able to be
helpful and I wouldn't say
I've helped somebody in that extreme
case I described but I've definitely
helped people who were lost and and
needed it so that's a
gift
from my
son and it
uh shouldn't waste
it you can see how tough it
is
sometimes but
uh that's that's the the way we're
made but boy I'll tell you when you have
problems it certainly whatever
quotient you were carrying through your
life it gets reduced pretty close to
zero because you really come in touch
with what's important I can't imagine
let me just start there you should and
I'm sorry that you no no I mean we don't
deal the cards in life we have to play
them and everybody should understand
that I wouldn't expect my son to have
respected
me if I fold it up on
him I had two basic jobs which was to uh
protect my family and provide for
them
so anyway we should get back to shipping
I want to talk about the economics of
shipping no no I I'm genuinely curious
because I I think a lot of our content
is making money living but it's not even
about making money it's how to live a
good life and I guess I was curious how
that probably put in perspective like
you're making all this money and you're
losing money but you're like holy
this is the thing I'm assuming this is
what matters this is of course and this
the money all it hits hits you in the
face I mean if it doesn't you're
up I I mean look I don't pretend to be
immune to that but um that's why I made
my comments about the money culture and
especially for kids I
mean you know it's tough on them I mean
I see the kids today they all think they
should have what their parents have and
their parents might have spent a
generation working for it and that's not
true of everybody some people are born
with it that wasn't my case it's
important to to live a full life and a
good life
life and it's its own reward and I think
that
um I'm not naive about it I said when we
spoke the first time I said you know
everybody it's it's nice to have some
money in your pocket I get that totally
I totally totally get that but you but
you can't destroy yourself for it and um
I think you want to be careful not to
burn out your marriage for it which
happens in a lot of cases especially in
the professions where time is everything
time time time in is everything um one
of the advantages of Entrepreneurship is
if you get things
rolling you can decide who you want to
do business with that's very good for
dealing with the quotient in
your life like if you were in a big Law
Firm I don't want to work with that guy
well hey you want to get
paid you know it's we don't have to do
business with that guy and if that means
we make a little less
we have a better life for it I mean I'm
I'm not trying to be I love it utopian
but you got to think
about the cost benefit of things how
else have you enjoyed your money from
your business successes the one material
thing I had a desire for I mean it's a
slight exaggeration but not too much
when I was younger was to have a
cruising boat that would allow me to get
away I worked on first of we had a
little 16 and 1/2t boat when I was a kid
five miles from
here great but then I worked on boats
two summers when I was in college so I
got paid to learn how to run a big boat
I mean you know 47 feet 57 feet we one
guy did nothing but crws with his wife
and the other guy only wanted to race so
um it just always I responded to that uh
and I have a boat I got to say 60ft
sailboat I've had the boat for 32 years
and it was built for me and my first
wife in fact I I did everything I said
you shouldn't do I was working too hard
I was taking a lot of risks in the late
80s looked like we'd split up and then
we go back together which
was the way it should have been and as
our Getting Back Together project we
already had two perfect children so
didn't need to go for three and uh we
had this boat built
in the fantasy of the boat was
longdistance relatively short-handed
cruising were there other things that
you thought would give you more joy from
business success like or things that you
bought or did and you're like this
didn't really satisfy me in the way that
people might expect or imagine when I
saw the Life Style in New York I
realized this isn't really for
me and the value of having a lot of cash
is that I mean my son very smart comment
he made when he was about 20 he said
money is
energy 20 years
old and um I had seen having more
Capital as extra colors on a pallet so
you're working on a canvas and you can
do more things with it but um you don't
have to have the money we touched on
this earlier I mean money is around
people who've got money or who run money
are looking for things to do with people
they think they can do it with
successfully so you can do
both
um but when you start seeing people who
can only talk about money and people who
can only think about money and they want
to tell you how expensive the wine was
that they had last night I'm telling you
drink it tonight pee it in the morning I
mean I don't care what you're dealing
with that's the that's the story nobody
no nobody's doing it any different and
um it's a question of your values and
I'm not trying to be preachy here but
just I think it's sustaining and I think
as a society of free people who respect
the rule of law and
value human dignity and human
life and
opportunity how much money do you need I
think the whole things are going crazy
and finance capitalism is a double-edged
sword you know a lot of goods come out
of it because things have been done to
create more value more wealth Finance
more
Innovation but boy we're getting it's so
heavily skewed now it's just crazy can
you elaborate on that because you you
mentioned the money culture is getting
out of hand and it's not something we
should teach children and you said
people are celebrities now simply for
having money but it says nothing of your
care character yeah so can can you
elaborate on this this theme and your
your feelings around this the the prime
civic virtue of character has pretty
much been replaced by
celebrity and you can be famous for
having done something but in our world
now you can be famous and considered a
celebrity just for having money so
that's the difference in the from where
I grew up and I I mean this is in New
England I I mean it's different here but
um I don't think it's healthy and it's
happening all over the world the money
culture is running wild and nobody puts
any breaks on it with with your career
and do you have any regrets like you
work too hard was it all worth it I I
don't have regrets about that I mean I
can say there were times when work got
in the way of things you know you're
it's a constant Balancing Act in life
you can't do all things at all times and
I'm very I'm totally at peace with uh
how I lived my life recognizing numerous
mistakes I feel like life is uh you live
it like an elastic
band and you can take it out to the
limits and you can hold it there for a
while but you're got to let it come back
in then you can take it out again but if
you take it out too far you're going to
break it and then it's done and you
can't live in here so I think people
have to be mindful of that then you can
work it out but if
you try to do all the things all the
time I don't see how that works I had an
incredibly rich
life not
easy but a rich rewarding satisfying
life
and I'm grateful and I'm grateful to
have been born in this country where
these
opportunities are found more readily
than any place else for a lot of our
audience that wants to make money they
they dream of making a million dollars
what advice do you have for someone
who's a young person that would like to
make a million dollars or more money try
things and
see what gives you
pleasure in doing it and then consider
following that ramping up your
involvement and ramping up your
productivity in that area because I
think that's a great start I mean would
you out with a woman that you weren't
attracted
to what's the point you know there are
things that we're attracted to you just
have to let yourself find out and
getting to know can be as important as
getting to yes so you save yourself a
lot of trouble well I'm not going to be
a lawyer well okay I'm not going to be a
doctor okay I think I'll be a
photographer wow did you see that Sunset
yesterday or whatever it is you know I
mean just that's why I mean your stomach
tells you things that your brain won't
let through if you have a passion for
something it is a form of compensation I
mean to some extent you I mean you got
to have cheeseburger money but it it's
its own it is its own reward and it gets
you through the hard times when you're
just
working because you're making money at
it I I couldn't stand the merit badge
approach I'm doing this because I want a
merit badge so I can then do that and
get another merit badge which a lot of
people I'm sure you've seen this a lot
of people maybe not the guys you're
talking to they've all broken
out but most of the world seems to be on
that path they're looking for approval
which makes you a
conformist I'm not saying people should
be wildly non-conformists
but don't be afraid to be a majority of
one can you break down the ship owning
business model like how you make money
let's let's specifically do this
Canadian one you were talking about like
how much did the deal cost like how do
you make money on it how do you even you
know do you look online are the Yellow
Pages you know you're like oh let me
just I hadn't thought of that yeah like
but specifically this Canadian one you
said it was the best deal of all time
for you guys like what what did the
numbers look like and walk us through
that well it covered the most ground the
fastest I mean it was one transaction it
was it was 19 chips and I've forgotten
some of the numbers this was in 1988 it
was around1 165 or $170 million in a
soft Market that was the price of the
fleet I mean you can pay that for a
single ship you know of some type so the
numbers can get big
um the best analogy and this will help
any
viewer is to real estate this is a hard
asset business we're renting
space in a
Marketplace and we're subject to the
laws of supply and demand and I mean and
then some much greater volatility than
real estate but it's comparable and it's
Capital
intensive um you don't get a premium
particularly for the value of your
management I mean you're buying and
selling assets and everything comes back
to a net
asset perspective not like price
earnings and growth potential and all
that
um so you you make your
money with cash flow that you generate
from the ships and then if your timing
was good you may get asset
appreciation that is not absolutely
necessary to have a successful
investment it's it's icing on the cake
if you get it but um you could build a
ship and have long-term employment and
get it paid down substantially the trick
here is to reduce the risk as fast as
possible and then hang on
for either normal markets which are
quite
rewarding or super hot markets which are
spectacularly rewarding and me the cash
is coming out of these ships like water
out of a hydrant and and last thing is
what is your one what is one story from
running your own shipping company like
what's the story that comes to mind that
that makes you smile or that you're
really proud of you know who DK Ludwig
was Daniel K Ludwick at the end of World
War I he was probably the biggest trip
owner
nonc nonpublic in the world had over 100
ships guy had about an eighth grade
education he had built in Japan two
structures one was a power plant and one
was a pulp Mill and he had them floated
over across the Pacific up the amazon
and set on pilings on the river
jar and he was growing eucalyptus trees
a fast growing tropical tree to turn
them into pulp and then the Brazil some
Brazilian political people started
trying to move in on them and they
wanted to get paid for this and that and
he
said and he shut it
down and he this was in his later years
and he wrote off 500 million bucks which
at that time was a monstrous amount of
money he died his right-hand man was a
guy I knew when I was talking to them
about some ships they still owned and
might want to sell we're in Old Man
Ludwig's office in this guy is telling
me this story that one day old man
lewick says to him so the river Jarry
project what do you think of that he's
sort of got a conventional view of this
500 million bucks is a lot of money to
lose an unthinkable amount of money to
lose it's an unthinkable amount of money
okay so the guy kind of mumbles say yeah
he said well it was a success and the
guy mumbles a little more he doesn't
know what to say to his boss he say it
was a success because we did it now this
is another part of the story which is
true I was walking across town at one
point on 59th Street and across the
street I thought I saw DK lwig walking
down the street I was not in the
shipping business at that time but I was
thinking about it so he's walking down
the street I hear him say this guy well
you got to be a bit of a dreamer in life
and I thought oh my God so you ask me
now my greatest satis action is not a
single story but the fact that I did it
if you like this video you are going to
love this video right up here where I
talk to 5 millionaires over the age of
80 and ask them if the money was worth
all the sacrifices they made make sure
you're subscribe to the channel if you
are not already we have some exciting
billionaire interviews coming soon Uncle
Noah loves you and I'll see you out
there PE PE

Key Vocabulary

Start Practicing
Vocabulary Meanings

ship

/ʃɪp/

A1
  • noun
  • - a large boat for travelling on water
  • verb
  • - transport (goods) by ship

own

/oʊn/

A2
  • verb
  • - to have something as your property

distress

/dɪˈstrɛs/

B2
  • noun
  • - extreme anxiety, sorrow, or pain

real estate

/ˈriːəl ɪˈsteɪt/

B1
  • noun
  • - property consisting of land or buildings

money

/ˈmʌni/

A1
  • noun
  • - a current medium of exchange in the form of coins and banknotes

passion

/ˈpæʃən/

B2
  • noun
  • - strong and barely controllable emotion

dream

/driːm/

A2
  • noun
  • - a series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a person's mind during sleep
  • verb
  • - to indulge in daydreams or fantasies about something greatly desired

loss

/lɒs/

B1
  • noun
  • - the fact or process of losing something or someone

brilliant

/ˈbrɪliənt/

B2
  • adjective
  • - exceptionally clever or talented

wealthy

/ˈwɛlθi/

B2
  • adjective
  • - having a great deal of money or assets; rich

advice

/ədˈvaɪs/

B1
  • noun
  • - guidance or recommendations concerning prudent future action

finance

/faɪˈnæns/

B2
  • noun
  • - the management of large amounts of money, especially by governments or large companies.

marine

/məˈriːn/

B2
  • adjective
  • - relating to the sea

capital

/ˈkæpɪtl/

B2
  • noun
  • - wealth in the form of money or other assets

hostile

/ˈhɒstaɪl/

B2
  • adjective
  • - unfriendly; antagonistic

challenge

/ˈtʃælɪndʒ/

B1
  • noun
  • - a task or situation that tests someone's abilities

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Key Grammar Structures

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