[English]
[Music]
[Music]
Heat.
Heat.
According to legend, in 1819, a group of
men bury a fabulous treasure in the
Virginia
countryside of gold and silver and
jewels worth tens of millions of
dollars.
Their leader, Thomas Beal, writes down
the treasur's location in a secret code.
He entrusts an inkeeper with its
safekeeping, vowing to
return. But then Thomas Beal vanishes.
Not only does Thomas Beal disappear, his
whole party disappears. It's complete
mystery. Years later, two brothers,
George and Clayton Hart, take up the
challenge of cracking Beal's mysterious
code to recover his glittering
treasure. During their 50-year quest,
they turned to the world's most famous
code
breakers and even the supernatural.
[Music]
But when someone is hot on the trail of
a treasure, they will use every possible
means at their
disposal. In the 19th century, a seance
was science. He genuinely believes that
mesmeriism will uncover the location of
this treasure.
Theirs is an extraordinary quest to
unravel the mystery of Thomas Beiel's
lost
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treasure. The story begins in southern
USA in 1897.
at the offices of the Norfolk and
Western Railroad Company in Rowanoke,
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Virginia. Clayton Hart, a 25-year-old
Clark, spent his working day
transcribing documents for his
employer. A man like Clayton Hart, his
life is rather humrum and boring. I
think a lot of wrote clerical work. And
I can imagine that he is looking at the
world and saying there must be something
more than my work a day
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existence. One summer morning a senior
colleague asked Hart to make copies of a
document. It was a routine
request but this document was far from
ordinary.
Clayton Hart looks at the papers and
they've got sets of numbers on them.
There's no context, no clues, no
history, no nothing. It's just numbers.
What are they for? Where does this
lead? Clearly, these numbers are meant
to signify something. They can engender
that spark of curiosity. I must find out
what this means.
Hart's colleague explained that he
believed the numbers could reveal the
location of an extraordinary
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treasure. Buried for almost a century
under the Virginia
soil. As far as he knew, the treasure
still lay undiscovered out there
somewhere.
this clerk in this big office can just
suddenly imagine a completely different
world and can imagine an adventure that
is seeming to stare him right in the
face. So you could see how that would be
very exciting, a very exciting prospect
and and the opportunity to break out of
his humrum existence.
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So Clayton Hart doesn't know at this
particular moment, of course, that this
is going to be his life's work. He's
going to dedicate his entire life to
discovering the location of this
treasure horde.
Clayton Hart made his own copies of the
numbered pages and from his family home
in Rowanoke began work to decipher the
strange and puzzling
codes. The question is, does Clayton
Hart have a chance of solving this
cipher? He's an amateur, but it's not a
big mathematical cipher. There's a trick
to it. Maybe you can solve this.
Clayton scoured the code for clues. He
tried to identify patterns and establish
relationships between the
numbers. But after weeks of effort, he
had got nowhere.
He desperately needed to find a new
lead. If he had any hope of getting his
hands on the buried treasure.
So if you can't figure out the code, you
can at least figure out who was the
author of the code. What kind of a
person was this author?
He begins to speculate that perhaps if
he had some biographical information,
some knowledge about where they came
from, then he could begin to try and
unpick these
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codes. Hart made
inquiries and soon received his first
clue.
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He discovered that a man named James
Ward had published a strikingly similar
code in a pamphlet printed 12 years
earlier in Lynchburg,
Virginia. When Clayton Hart finds out
about a pamphlet that was written only a
decade before that, very similar
sounding to what he's got, he's very
excited. He has to go and see it. This
is the only real clue he's got that
isn't a number.
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Hart set out for Lynchber, 50 mi away to
the
east. He scoured the city's bookshops
for the mysterious
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pamphlet. Eventually, he found it.
A small 20page booklet published in
1885 by a James B.
Ward. What he reads is the Beal
papers containing authentic statements
regarding the treasure buried in 1819
1821 near Bufords in Bedford County,
Virginia.
On closer inspection, Hart noticed that
the pamphlet contained three sets of
numbers. The same numbers that have been
puzzling him for
weeks. You can almost feel his heart
start to pound as he recognizes that
this is the very same material that he
has, which must have convinced him,
well, this is too much to be
coincidental. There must be something
true. This must be true.
What an exciting thing. What's been a
set of numbers is now treasure. Actual
treasure. Could it get any better than
that? Clayton Hart had hit the
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jackpot. But who was the be referred to
in the
title? And where was the mysterious
treasure buried?
Hungry for more clues, Clayton Hart read
the pamphlet from cover to
cover. Its pages contained a tangled
story of mystery and intrigue.
Hart learned that in
1821 a mystery man was a guest at the
Washington Hotel in
Lynchburg. He gave his name as Thomas
Beal. He entrusted the hotel's
proprietor, Robert Morris, with a locked
box for safekeeping.
This seems strange to us, but actually
this was quite common at this time. An
inkeeper is actually one of the most
trustworthy people that you can hand
documents to. So many people would hand
documents and private possessions to an
inkeeper for
safekeeping. Be then disappeared without
a trace.
But several months later, Morris the
inkeeper received word from his former
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guest. There's a letter from St. Louis
instructing Morris that if Beal does not
return after a certain period of time,
10 years, that Morris is to open this
mysterious locked box.
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Heart read that Morris waited 23 years
before opening the
box. Inside he discovered a stack of
papers, one of which is a letter
addressed to him. And in it is this
fantastic account of how Thomas Beal
came by this vast amount of gold and
treasure while he was journeying in the
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west. The story goes that in
1817 Beal and a group of companions set
out into the west to hunt buffalo.
They journeyed from their home in
Virginia across country towards the
Rocky Mountains of
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Colorado. Whilst exploring the rugged
terrain, some of Beiel's men made an
amazing discovery.
So he tells the story that as they are
hunting these
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buffalo. They stumble on a gold
mine. The men abandoned the buffalo hunt
and began extracting the gleaming ore.
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They spend 18 months, the 30 of them,
toiling away, pulling out thousands of
pounds of gold and silver, and they
debate what it is that they want to do
with this. How do they want to store it?
How do they share it with their
families?
Clayton Hart read that Beal and his men
had decided to take their wealth back to
Virginia. On route, they stopped in St.
Louis. There they traded the ore for
gold coins, silver bars, and precious
jewels.
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They then transported their booty back
to Virginia in two separate trips. One
in 1819 and another in
1821. At that time, banks were not
considered to be safe. So they stashed
their fortune in a top secret location
in Virginia's Blue Ridge Mountains.
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The pamphlet explained. Beiel then
encoded the treasure's hidden location
in an inciphered
message. Hart was captivated. Could this
treasure really be buried in the
Virginia mountains?
Heart read that along with the letter,
Morris, the inkeeper, had found three
sheets of paper inside the mysterious
box. On each was written line after line
of what seemed like random
numbers. The pamphlet explained that
these numbers form three inciphered
messages written by Beal.
Paper one contained the exact location
of the
treasure. Paper two was an inventory of
the
treasure. And paper three was a list of
to whom the treasure belonged.
This is the moment where it all links
together. It's perfect. It's a treasure
hunt and he's on the treasure hunt. It's
his treasure.
The question was, could this code be
cracked to reveal the treasure's
location? Clayton Hart turned the page,
searching for more
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clues. He read that the inkeeper Morris
spent nearly 20 years trying to crack
the
codes, but the challenge defeated him.
He passed the codes and Beiel's letters
to an unnamed
friend. That friend then wrestled with
the problem for
years and eventually made a breakthrough
on paper, too.
Morris's unnamed friend makes a really
good
guess that what he's looking at in these
ciphers is a dictionary cipher where
each number tells you the index of a
word in a book or paper or something.
And by looking at the first letter of
that word, you can decrypt the
message. He tries lots of different
books. He tries the Declaration of
Independence and wonderfully,
marvelously, it comes out.
Starting by consecutively numbering the
words of the declaration, the inkeeper's
friend began to decode the second
paper. He referenced the code's numbers
to the first letters of the numbered
declarations words and amazingly Beiel's
cipher began to unravel.
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So using the Declaration of Independence
and going through these numbers, you
might end up with the letters from the
beginning I H A V E D E P I have
deposited and then the rest of the
message comes out in that way.
The pamphlet contained a full
transcription of the decoded second
paper. It was as though Thomas Beal was
speaking to Clayton Hart from beyond the
grave.
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I have deposited in the county of
Bedford about four miles from Bufords in
an excavation or vault the following
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articles. The first deposit consisted of
1,14 lb of gold and 3,812 lb of silver.
The second consisted of
197 lb of gold and 1,288 lb of
silver. Also jewels obtained in St.
Louis and valued at
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$13,000. Clayton Hart was
overwhelmed. Here in black and white was
not only evidence that the treasure was
real, but also what it was
worth. A truly phenomenal sum that today
would be worth over $60
million. The pamphlet also included one
vital clue to its location, that it was
buried underground about 4 miles from a
place called Buford's Tavern.
So from the perspective of Clayton Hart,
this is wonderful news because it means
that the codes can actually be cracked.
Hart was stunned. It then occurred to
him if the Declaration of Independence
was the key to the second Beal paper,
maybe other well-known published texts
could unlock the first paper, the one
that contained the precise location of
the
treasure. He was convinced that he was
on the verge of becoming rich beyond his
wildest dreams.
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Hart headed back to Rowanoke. Keen to
test his
theory, he enlisted the help of his
brother, George, a trainee lawyer with
dreams of opening offices in Washington,
DC.
of the two brothers. He's the more
rational, more skeptical of the two. And
Clayton tells his brother about what
he's found, and his brother becomes
interested. Clayton described his
discoveries, and the two brothers began
trying to trace the vital keys to the
cipher encoded papers.
[Music]
They began to examine paper one that
contained the treasur's
location. What the Hart brothers try to
do now is they try loads of different
books and loads of different strategies
with
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books. They count words in different
ways. Perhaps it's every word. Perhaps
it's every other word. Perhaps you start
numbering at the end. Perhaps you take
the second letter. So they try many
different methods of trying to solve
paper number
one. The brothers toiled for weeks
hunting for the key text that would
unlock the location of Thomas Beal's
treasure. But there are so many books
and you don't have to start on page one.
You don't have to even start in the
first word of a page. You can start
anywhere. So, where do you start? They
try all kinds of things, but nothing
really bites. Nothing really
works. After weeks of effort, the
treasur's location was still locked in
the
code. It was clear the hearts must
attack the puzzle from a different
angle.
So Clayton suggested a fresh and
unconventional approach to their
[Music]
problem. He proposed that they could
unlock the treasure's location through
the power of
mesmeriism. Mesmeriism is a 19th century
and early 20th century science by a
combination of hypnotism and electrical
currents.
A subject would be rendered into a state
of trance where they could cross over
into another realm and they would
describe what they were
[Music]
seeing. During the 1890s, Clayton Hart
had witnessed these techniques in
practice. It's wonderful and had
subsequently educated himself in the
arts of mesmeriism and hypnotism. He was
convinced that he could mesmerize a
medium and guide them back through time
to Bedford County in
1819. The subject would see through the
eyes of one of Beiel's men and identify
the location of the buried treasure.
Clayton Hart is not an irrational man.
He genuinely believes that this
application of a scientific process of
mesmeriism will uncover the location of
this
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treasure. One year later in early 1898,
the brothers agreed to conduct a seance.
For this, they required a suitable
medium. Clayton enlisted the help of a
local 18-year-old man who had shown
promise as a clairvoyant and crystal
ball
reader. George Hart sized him up as
mildmannered and seemingly disinterested
in what was about to
happen. Clayton began the mesmeriism
process.
A typical mesmerist will sit an
individual down in a chair and lay their
hand upon the median nerve on the top of
their arm and press hard to make a a
connection. The subject would then be
handed into their other hand a
mesmerist's coin, a piece of zinc wound
with wire, so something like a battery.
Then the mesmerist would rub their hands
up and down this person's arm towards
their head, sending a spasm through the
individual, which would render them
unconscious, insensible, and they would
cross over into another realm where they
would describe their visions.
The hearts could see that the mesmeriism
process was working as the medium gazed
into the crystal ball and as if
transfixed took on an unfamiliar
personality.
He begins to speak like this, you know,
rough huneed backount early 19th century
man would have. He's mouthing words
through a body and a a persona that
seems to have really changed into a
whole new person from the past.
Believing that the medium was seeing
events from the past, Clayton Hart
ordered him to journey to Buford's
Tavern in November
1819 to the day before the treasure was
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buried. The medium described that he
could see a group of men inside the
tavern building.
He then followed the man who appeared to
be their leader, Thomas Beal,
upstairs. According to the medium, Beal
placed his saddle bags on the bed and
opened one of its
pouches. Inside was a fortune in
precious jewels.
When he sees the treasure, the boy
declares, "I've never seen such a horde
in all my life. It beats any jeweler's
show I've ever
seen." And the the Hart brothers are are
amazed.
Clayton ordered the medium to go outside
the tavern and investigate the party's
wagons.
The subject describes looking into the
pots that are on these wagons and seeing
gold and silver within these pots.
Uh this first person commentary seems to
be just so vivid and so true to them
that it provides just another brick in
that wall, that foundation that they're
building to support this this story.
Now convinced that the treasure was
real, Clayton Hart focused his medium on
identifying its secret
location. He ordered him to follow the
men's movements the next day when they
went out to bury the
treasure.
According to the subject in the seance,
he is describing that these two men who
are out in the woods near Buford's
Tavern are digging a hole and that they
are paving it with stones and on these
stones they are placing pots, placing
more stones on top of the pots and this
is matching exactly what is in the bee
papers in terms of what is described
about where the treasure has been
hidden.
All of a
sudden, the medium snapped out of his
mesmerized state,
their mesmerized subject gives them
everything they need except where the
treasure
is. But they he fills out the story so
beautifully, so vividly. It's like he
was right there with Thomas
Beiel. The Hart brothers took stock of
what exactly had just occurred.
George is a skeptic. Clayton is a true
believer. And they are not sure whether
or not this evidence is real evidence or
not. The boy has said something. Is it
debatable? Is it is it up for
questioning? So, they begin to chat with
one another about whether or not they
should follow this lead.
Then the medium spoke.
He told the brothers that he could lead
them to the very spot where the treasure
was
buried. They said, "How can it get any
better?" And they think, "He can lead us
to the
treasure." The hearts really want this
to be true.
[Music]
In the spring of
1899, George and Clayton Hart headed out
into Virginia's Blue Ridge
Mountains. Along with their 18-year-old
medium, they scrambled through the
wooded countryside.
[Music]
They headed for an inn that was once
called Buford's Tavern as the Beal
papers had stated that the treasure was
buried close
[Music]
by. They take the subject of the seance
and he's hypnotized again.
[Music]
He then proceeds hound dog like to sniff
his way back to the spot
where he remembers that this treasure is
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buried. The three men tramped four miles
through overgrown woodland.
Suddenly, the medium
stopped before darting off into the
woods. He seems to know right where he's
going. He jumps across a stream. He goes
up a hill down into an area where
there's a little depression in the
ground. And and he acts as though he can
see the treasure. Look, there it is.
It's right there.
This had to be the spot where Thomas
Beal had buried his legendary
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treasure. For 6 hours they shoveled load
after load of moist Virginia soil.
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They're digging and digging is hard
work, but there's always that hope of
treasure that that keeps them
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going and they're getting tired. They've
been at it for several hours and then
it's Clayton's
turn and he digs and
clunk. He hits a stone, a big stone.
Tingling with anticipation, the brothers
cleared the dirt from the stone's edges.
[Music]
Treasure hunters live for a moment like
this. They've been working so hard for
so long deciphering the the codes,
mesmerizing young boys, and what they
end up finding is a
hollow stone, and they think, "Wow, this
is this is my moment. This is the moment
where we're going to uncover Thomas
Bele's treasure.
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But there was nothing
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underneath. Frustrated, Clayton asked
the medium if they had made a mistake.
Where was the treasure? Then he says,
"No, no, no. It's not there." And he
points to an area that's underneath an
oak tree, saying, "There, there. Can't
you see
it?" George Hart had lost all faith in
their medium. The decision was made to
return home.
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the next morning. Clayton still believed
that the treasure was within his grasp.
He's clearly bought into this story
locktock and barrel and has devoted I
think so much of his own energy to this
that he just can't accept that this is
the end of the road. So without his
brother he actually then goes back to
the spot to the oak tree but this time
instead of shovels he brings dynamite.
In a desperate last attempt, Clayton
Hart set the charge, lit the touchpaper,
and
ran. When the air cleared, Clayton
frantically started digging.
But again,
nothing. Thomas Beal's riches had eluded
him once
again. The next four years passed
without any progress.
But Clayton Hart remained as keen as
ever to find Beiel's lost
treasure. Clayton Hart is a true
believer. He thinks that one new lead is
all that it'll take for him to uncover
the hidden
treasure. He returned to the Beal papers
and focused in on the pamphlet's
publisher, James B.
[Music]
Ward. He decides to go and find out who
he is and see what he's got to say. If
he can help find the treasure,
Clayton Hart made inquiries. Who was the
mysterious Mr.
Ward? Clayton Hart finds out that James
Ward is indeed real person.
and he lives in Lynchburg, not that far
from where they are. So he goes to try
and find
him. He journeyed to Lynchburg to meet
Ward. Hart recounted the brother's
adventures trying to find Beiel's lost
treasure and asked if Ward had any new
leads.
And Ward tells Hart point blank,
"Everything in the pamphlet I published
is true. Everything that you read about
the expedition and the gold and Robert
Morris and the unnamed friend cracking
the code, it's all
true." But Ward couldn't provide any
further
details. Nothing that could help Clayton
find the treasure.
Clayton returned to Rowanoke in
despair. The last living connection to
the mystery had led
nowhere, and the location of Beiel's
riches remained unknown.
[Music]
It was another 20 years before the Hart
brothers got their next
lead. George Hart was by this time a
qualified lawyer living in Washington
DC. In 1924, he read a magazine article
about a Colonel George Fabian and the
work of American codereers during the
First World War.
[Music]
He was the founder of what's effectively
an independent codereing research
facility, a think tank that was of great
use to the American military in the
First World
War. And Hart thinks, "Wow, maybe
Fabian's crew can crack this code."
With Clayton's blessing, George Hart
mailed Colonel Fabian with the story of
the brother's
adventures, together with the codes and
all the information they knew about the
mystery. Intrigued, Fabian wrote back to
George Hart.
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The problem has my interest and I am
writing in the vain hope that either you
or Clayton Hart can give us further
information because the psychology of it
is about all we have to go on in picking
our point of attack. In the meantime, we
will retain the pamphlet and work on it
as we can find the time to do so.
[Music]
Fabian pointed out what the Hard
Brothers already knew, that in order to
crack the ciphers on papers one and
three, he first needed to discover the
correct
keys. But he said it's difficult, it's
very difficult, if not impossible, to
break a code in a vacuum devoid of all
context that we understand. And so in
some sense, this response, which Hart
hoped would really be uh sort of a magic
key to open this lock, is simply more of
what they already understood, which is
that until you really know more about
how this code was created, cracking it
is fishly
difficult. Fabian's attempts to decipher
the be papers went nowhere.
He decided to enlist the talents of his
two top
cryptologists. William and Elizabeth
Freriedman were both accomplished
codereakers and pioneers of new
cryptographic techniques born out of the
First World
War. William and Elizabeth Freriedman
are two probably of the most famous
codereers in the United States. They
would often look at some of these
unsolved ciphers and sort of crack them
for
fun. The Freriedman's study the Beal
ciphers and applied their expertise to
the problem of breaking
them. Freeman's look at these ciphers
and they use their toolbox. But the
difference between them and other people
is that William Freeman invented the
toolbox. So when he and his wife look at
this thing, they look with incredibly
piercing
vision. The more the Freriedman's looked
at the Beal papers, the more they
suspected they were not what they
claimed to be.
In a letter to Clayton Hart written in
1938, Elizabeth Freriedman gave their
damning verdict.
Such maps, when examined, have almost
invariably proved to be
forgeries forced upon an unsuspecting
public, which thanks to the double lure
of buried treasure and cryptographic
form, have persisted throughout the
years since they first appeared in 1885.
It is likewise believed that the
cryptogram which you forwarded is
nothing more or less than a
hoax. In other words, the Freriedman's
were confident that the hearts had
wasted their time on a wild goose chase.
It is perhaps the the most crippling
sort of blow to the belief of the hearts
and other people that this could
possibly be um an actual story, an
actual true
story, that the codereaking experts of
the time come to the conclusion that
there's no truth in this at all.
The Freriedman's had no doubt that the
story of Thomas Beiel's treasure was a
cleverly written
hoax, probably created to sell
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pamphlets. But if it was a hoax, who had
perpetrated
it? One theory points the finger at a
Lynchberg newspaper editor named John
William Sherman.
In 1885, John William Sherman purchases
the Lynchberg, Virginiaian newspaper.
Very quickly, the Lynchberg Virginiaian
gets into financial difficulties and
Sherman, who is known as a famous writer
of dime
novels, strikes upon an idea that
perhaps to reverse the fortunes of the
Lynchberg, Virginiaian, he should
publish something that
sells. Some researchers now believe that
Sherman created the Beal papers as a
money spinner.
[Music]
It makes a lot of sense if you think
about it. He certainly had the
experience and the background and had
the motive in uh being in a a difficult
financial position with his with his
newspaper.
There is another piece of evidence that
supports this theory.
Advertisements for the Beal Papers
pamphlet run a total of 84 times from
1885 and only ever in one
newspaper. The Lynchberg
Virginia. Who on earth would publish an
advert 84 times? Who could afford to do
that? The only person that could really
do that would be the owner, John William
Sherman.
And there's one more startling
connection. Sherman's first cousin was
none other than the man Clayton Hart had
visited in
1903, the publisher of the Beal
[Music]
Papers. James B. Ward
John Sherman cannot publish the Beal
papers under his own name. He's well
known in Virginia as the editor of this
newspaper. And it's known that he's also
in financial difficulties. So he enlists
his cousin to act as agent, James Ward,
finishing the deception and
authenticating the text as true.
In other words, it seems there never was
a be or a
treasure. The whole thing was a
fabrication. But Clayton Hart was
convinced that the papers were real. He
went to his grave, believing that Thomas
Beiel's treasure was out there
somewhere.
Despite the evidence that the be papers
were a hoax, the mystery still continued
to intrigue treasure hunters and
codereers alike.
In the 1960s, a computer scientist named
Carl Hammer entered the quest to
decipher the mysterious be
codes. He put the number sequences
through the most advanced computers of
the
day. He even identified patterns in the
ciphers, but still he failed to crack
the
codes. In the 1980s, a historical
journal from the 1820s emerged that told
of a party closely fitting the
description of
bees. Was this evidence that Thomas Beal
and his men really had
existed? And if Beal was real, was the
treasure also?
We know that Beal and his associates
didn't return for the box that they had
entrusted with
Morris and that Beal disappears after
the 1820s. So what happened to Thomas
Beal? Did something sinister happened?
Did he go and dig up the treasure
himself? There are many possible
outcomes in 19th century America.
One theory is that Beiel and his party
may have returned to retrieve their
precious
[Music]
booty. Another is that before they could
do so, they came to an untimely
end. If that's the case, then Beiel's
treasure could still lie undiscovered.
[Music]
Clayton and George Hart spent 50 years
of their lives trying to solve the
mystery of Beiel's
[Music]
treasure. A mystery that continues to
captivate treasure hunters and codereers
to this day.
The be ciphers, the be papers are a
source of incredible interest to people
and they they continue to be even, you
know, 100 years
later and they will be 200 years later
because and I speak as a literary
critic, they are so well written. I
myself don't think there is treasure
sitting somewhere in Virginia. I think
there is a person who published an
absolutely fantastic adventure story. To
those who do believe the legend, there
is a fortune in gold, silver, and jewels
buried 6 ft under the Virginia
soil. And finding it is simply a matter
of cracking the mystery of Thomas Beal's
codes. If people just forget about the
the
legends, if they can just look at the
numbers, everything you need to know is
in the numbers. For me, the be ciphers
are crackable,
but it's a mystery. It's a great
mystery.
[Music]