- [Jared] The best way to
learn about the Titanic
00:01
is to see it in 3D.
00:03
We'll start at the top on the boat deck
00:05
and then go through the ship deck by deck.
00:07
My favorite is the very
bottom of the ship,
00:09
which has the engines which
powers this massive ship.
00:11
This is going to be a full tour
00:14
so I hope to share with you a few things
00:15
you may not know about the Titanic.
00:17
(electronic sounds)
00:20
Most people today are familiar
00:34
with the story of the Titanic.
00:36
But just in case, let's
go over the basics.
00:38
The Titanic was built in Belfast,
Ireland starting in 1909.
00:40
Three years later, the ship was finished
00:45
and ready for its maiden voyage,
00:47
or in other words, first
trip across the ocean.
00:49
Most passengers set sail
from Southampton, England.
00:52
Then it picked up a few more passengers
00:56
in France and then Ireland.
00:57
Then finally, we set sail
across the ocean to New York.
01:00
But of course, the Titanic never makes it.
01:03
Four days into her journey,
01:06
she hits an iceberg in
the middle of the ocean.
01:07
It only takes about two and a half hours
01:13
for the ship to sink.
01:15
There were only enough lifeboats
01:18
for about half of the people.
01:20
However, these lifeboats
were not filled all the way.
01:21
Sadly, only about 700 people survived.
01:24
Now, here we are, more
than a hundred years later,
01:27
and this is still the most
famous ship in history.
01:29
The Titanic was referred to
as an Olympic Class liner.
01:33
There were three of them,
01:37
sometimes referred to as sister ships.
01:38
The Titanic sunk because of an iceberg,
01:41
and then the Britannic
sunk after hitting a mine
01:43
The Olympic, however, had
a fairly successful career
01:47
All three sister ships
were almost identical.
01:53
Just a few details were
changed on the inside.
01:55
When they finished building the Titanic,
01:58
it was the largest ship in the world,
02:00
being only a little bit
heavier than the Olympic.
02:02
The ship was 269 meters long.
02:05
But to put this in perspective,
here's a comparison
02:08
to the world's largest cruise ship today.
02:11
The full name is the RMS Titanic,
02:16
and RMS stands for Royal Mail Ship.
02:18
And in fact, yes, the Titanic
02:21
did indeed carry plenty of mail on board.
02:23
I'll show you where a little bit later.
02:25
Let's look at some of the details
02:28
on the outside of the ship.
02:29
The front of the ship is called the bow.
02:31
The back of the ship is called the stern.
02:33
Then instead of using left and right,
02:36
they use port and starboard.
02:37
Now, these are general sailing terms
02:39
that are still in use today,
not just for the Titanic.
02:41
On the ship, we have four funnels.
02:45
Coal is burned down below
02:47
and the smoke comes up the funnels.
02:49
Only three of the funnels are used.
02:51
The fourth one was added mainly for looks.
02:53
The builders thought it
might appear more powerful
02:56
However, this fourth
funnel is still helpful
03:00
for ventilation down below.
03:01
These two large poles are
what they call the mast.
03:04
It was used as supports
for the radio antennas
03:07
and also to carry the flags.
03:10
Towards the front of the ship,
03:13
you can see the crow's nest.
03:14
This is where the lookout
spotted the iceberg,
03:16
only a little bit too late.
03:18
The area in the front is
called the forecastle deck.
03:21
You can see the massive chains
that attach to the anchors
03:25
Going to the back of the ship,
03:32
this area is called the poop deck.
03:33
And, no, this has nothing
to do with bodily functions.
03:35
It originated from the Latin word, puppis,
03:38
which literally means stern of the ship.
03:40
So there you go, poop deck.
03:43
I'm still getting used to the name,
03:45
but that's what they called it.
03:46
This raised part is
called the docking bridge.
03:48
It was used by the crew
to help guide the ship
03:51
The Titanic also had several
electric cargo cranes
03:55
to help with loading and
unloading at the docks.
03:58
There's also more cranes
at the front of the ship.
04:01
The Titanic had three massive propellers
04:05
underneath the water.
04:07
For comparison, here's
the size of a person.
04:10
The propellers are powered by
the ship's massive engines.
04:14
We'll learn about how these
work later in the video.
04:17
This is the rudder used to steer the ship.
04:21
The ship was designed and
built over a hundred years ago.
04:26
That means no computers,
no 3D design software.
04:28
This was all designed by hand.
04:31
To me, that's incredible
engineering and craftsmanship.
04:33
The Titanic had 10 decks inside.
04:37
The very top deck is called the boat deck.
04:46
Then below, they labeled the decks
04:48
with the letters A through G,
04:50
but each of these decks
also had another name,
04:52
so you could call it A
Deck or Promenade Deck,
04:54
B Deck or Bridge Deck, and so on.
04:57
Then for the bottom two,
we have the Orlop Deck
05:00
This area has a lot of the
ship's engines and machinery.
05:06
Passengers are not allowed down here.
05:09
Let's see this from another point of view.
05:12
Let's cut the ship right down the middle
05:14
and see what this looks like.
05:15
(singer vocalizing)
05:17
A few things to point out,
the first three funnels,
05:20
you can see how they
are connected down below
05:23
They take the smoke and
give it a place to go.
05:26
Then, just like we talked about earlier,
05:29
that fourth funnel isn't really needed.
05:30
However, it still
provided some ventilation
05:32
to the decks below.
05:34
The first class passengers
had two sets of stairs,
05:36
a forward grand staircase
and the aft grand staircase.
05:39
The forward grand staircase
went all the way down to E Deck.
05:44
Directly in front of it
is the three elevators.
05:49
Then we have the aft
grand staircase over here,
05:53
which doesn't go down quite
as far, only down to C Deck.
05:56
Then here we have the staircases
06:00
for the second class passengers,
06:02
and then the staircase for
the third class passengers
06:05
in the very back of the ship.
06:07
This was all close to
the steering machinery.
06:09
This is why third class
was sometimes referred to
06:11
as steerage passengers.
06:13
So cabins for the third
class passengers are here
06:16
towards the lower decks.
06:18
And here's where the second
class passengers are.
06:20
And the first class passengers got to stay
06:23
on the highest decks and
have some of the best views.
06:25
So hopefully that gives you an idea
06:30
of the layout of the ship.
06:32
Now, let's go through each deck,
06:34
starting with the boat deck.
06:35
It gets its name because this is the deck
06:41
where the lifeboats were stored.
06:43
They split the deck space
into several different areas.
06:46
As a second class passenger,
06:51
the view of the ocean would
be blocked by these lifeboats.
06:52
For the first class passengers,
06:59
most of the deck doesn't have lifeboats.
07:01
The builders wanted to make sure
07:04
that the first class passengers
had the best view possible.
07:06
This was one of the
reasons why the Titanic
07:09
didn't have enough lifeboats.
07:10
So the ship had 20 lifeboats in total,
07:12
enough for about half
of the people on board.
07:15
The idea at the time was that
the Titanic was unsinkable.
07:17
If an accident happened, these lifeboats
07:21
would only be needed to
ferry passengers and crew
07:22
over to a rescue ship.
07:25
As we all know, not
having enough lifeboats
07:26
was a very bad idea.
07:29
Each lifeboat is hanging
on what's called a davit.
07:31
If and when it's time
to launch the lifeboat,
07:34
the davit is swung out, fill
the boat with passengers,
07:37
and then lower it into the water.
07:41
Up towards the front of
the boat is the bridge.
07:48
This is the control center for the ship.
07:51
This area is the wheel house,
07:54
which is a good place to
warm up on a cold night.
07:55
There are two wheels to
control the ship's rudder.
07:59
And then this is the
engine order telegraph.
08:02
They use these to communicate
directly with the engine room.
08:05
The bridge officer rotates the handle
08:08
to whatever speed they want to go,
08:10
and then the engineer moves his handle
08:13
to confirm that they got the order.
08:14
Behind this area is where
some of the crew would sleep
08:18
so they could be close to the bridge.
08:20
This is the captain's quarters,
08:23
some of the officers' quarters,
08:25
and an officers' smoke room.
08:28
This is the Marconi Wireless Room.
08:31
This is where they use Morse code
08:33
to communicate with
other ships in the area.
08:34
Here's some rooms for just a few
08:37
of the first class passengers.
08:39
Here's the oh-so famous Grand Staircase.
08:41
It has skylights up above
to let in natural light
08:44
This is the gymnasium,
08:49
with various pieces of
equipment to exercise.
08:51
Here's the officers' mess,
08:55
and the engineers' smoke room.
08:58
At the very back is the
second class entrance,
09:01
which leads down below.
09:03
So that's the boat deck, the
very top deck on the Titanic.
09:06
Underneath is A Deck, also
known as the Promenade Deck.
09:11
Plenty of covered areas to walk
around the edge of the ship,
09:18
with amazing views towards the ocean.
09:20
There are first class
rooms at the very front,
09:25
ladies' lavatory here,
09:28
and gentlemens' lavatory here,
09:30
the grand staircase,
09:32
and of course some exits to
get out onto the promenade.
09:35
Here's the first class
reading and writing room,
09:38
and the first class lounge,
09:42
the aft grand staircase,
09:45
two more first class rooms,
09:48
and then the first class smoke room.
09:50
This is where the men would
gather after dinnertime.
09:52
The last is the Veranda
Cafe and Palm Court,
09:55
which served refreshments for
the first class passengers.
09:57
This is B Deck, also
known as the Bridge Deck.
10:03
Towards the front of the ship,
we have the Forecastle Deck.
10:10
We saw this earlier in the video.
10:13
And then this is the center section.
10:15
Most of this is taken
up by first class rooms.
10:17
Plenty of access to the gentlemens'
10:20
and ladies' lavatories.
10:22
Some of the first class rooms
10:24
actually have their own
dedicated bathrooms.
10:25
These are the parlour suites,
each with a private promenade.
10:29
It's about as nice as you
could get onboard the Titanic.
10:32
This is the first class boarding entrance.
10:35
At the dock, this is where
the first class passengers
10:37
would come aboard the ship.
10:39
Here's the elevators
10:41
and both the forward
and aft grand staircase.
10:45
This is the galley,
pantry, and general areas
10:49
the A la Carte Restaurant,
and the Cafe Parisien.
10:54
These were luxury dining
options for the first class.
10:57
This back area here is for
the second class passengers.
11:01
and then the second class smoke room.
11:06
And as part of the B Deck,
11:09
you have the poop deck in the very back.
11:10
This was used as a third class promenade.
11:12
That means we have the
first class promenade,
11:15
second class promenade, and
then the third class promenade.
11:18
That way, everyone had
access to the decks up above.
11:21
Okay, C Deck, also known
as the Shelter Deck.
11:25
This is the highest
deck to go continuously
11:30
from the front of the ship
all the way to the back.
11:32
Starting at the very
front, we have some areas
11:35
where some of the crew
members would eat their meals.
11:37
Then the open deck right here,
11:40
they call this the well deck.
11:42
And most of the space here
11:45
is taken up by first class rooms.
11:46
The lavatories are here.
11:49
And there's even a barbershop here.
11:51
This is the maids and valets' saloon.
11:55
It's where servants of
first class passengers ate.
11:57
The second class stairs here,
12:01
and the second class library here.
12:03
Then we have the other well deck,
12:06
and the third class smoke room,
12:09
the third class general room,
12:11
and then the third class stairs,
12:13
which lead to the decks down below.
12:15
In the very back, this
holds the steering gear
12:17
and then the two steering engines.
12:20
These engines were used to move the gear,
12:22
which then rotates the
ship's rudder directly below.
12:24
The steering engines are
controlled by the wheels
12:29
that we saw earlier on the bridge.
12:31
On occasion, they can
also use a third wheel
12:33
on the docking bridge up above
12:36
So that was C Deck.
12:40
Now let's move on down below to D Deck,
12:41
also known as the Saloon Deck.
12:44
Up at the front, you have
the rooms for the firemen.
12:50
These men worked with the boilers
12:53
at the very bottom of the ship.
12:54
This is the firemen's stairs.
12:56
These extend all the way
to the bottom of the ship.
12:58
The third class covered promenade,
13:04
lots of walking space here,
13:05
more first class rooms,
13:08
another first class
entrance onto the ship,
13:10
first class reception room,
13:13
and the first class dining saloon.
13:16
There were some fancy
meals served around here.
13:18
This area is where a lot of the food
13:21
was stored and prepared.
13:23
This is the hospital with a
few rooms for sick patients,
13:25
second class dining saloon,
13:29
second class rooms,
13:32
and third class rooms in the very back.
13:34
Now let's move on to E Deck,
also known as the Upper Deck.
13:40
This had a lot more
rooms for crew members,
13:47
including engineers, cooks, stewards,
13:49
waiters, seamen, and trimmers.
13:52
This is called the crew alleyway,
13:57
or another name was the Scotland Road.
13:59
It was kind of the main corridor
14:01
that crew members could use.
14:02
Here's the third class
entrance onto the ship,
14:05
and the third class lavatory.
14:10
More first class rooms
on this side of the ship.
14:13
And the E Deck was the lowest deck
14:16
that you could take the grand staircase
14:18
and also for the elevators.
14:20
Second class rooms here
14:24
and third class rooms here.
14:27
Notice how this deck is low enough
14:29
that we're starting to
see the ship's engines.
14:31
This is F Deck, also
known as the Middle Deck.
14:35
(singer vocalizing)
14:38
More crew members sleep up front here.
14:42
Here's third class rooms,
14:45
Titanic was one of the first ocean liners
14:48
to offer a swimming pool.
14:50
This is the Turkish bath,
14:53
which provided luxury bath services
14:54
for first class passengers.
14:56
Third class dining saloon,
14:58
third class pantry, galley,
15:01
and other areas to prepare food,
15:02
more rooms for crew members,
15:05
second class rooms here,
15:07
and third class rooms here.
15:09
This is G Deck, also
known as the Lower Deck.
15:13
This is the last deck that
is above the waterline,
15:17
and the last deck to have
rooms for passengers and crew.
15:20
Here's rooms for crew members,
15:23
some third class rooms,
15:25
first class baggage,
15:30
and this is the squash racquet court.
15:32
It's a game similar to racquetball.
15:34
Now we're starting to see
more of the ship's machinery.
15:37
I'll explain this once we get
down below to the Bottom Deck.
15:39
The saloons, restaurant, and
cafes stored food down here,
15:43
so things like fruits,
vegetables, meat, flour, and milk.
15:47
At the very back is more room
for third class passengers.
15:51
This is the Orlop Deck.
15:58
Notice how it only has deck
space in the very front
16:01
and very back of the ship.
16:04
Lots of room to store cargo at the front.
16:07
First and second class baggage here,
16:10
and the mail room is here.
16:13
Again, more space for
machinery here and the engines.
16:16
Refrigerated cargo and
other food at the back.
16:21
And a tiny space here for even more cargo,
16:24
lots of cargo, all right.
16:27
This is the Tank Top, the
lowest level on the Titanic.
16:30
At the front of the ship is
carnival rides for the kids.
16:37
There's more cargo here,
16:41
perfect space for this kind of thing.
16:42
The firemen's stairs lead
all the way down here.
16:43
This is the firemen's passage.
16:47
It allowed direct access
over to the boiler rooms.
16:49
Okay, this is where things
start to get exciting.
16:52
The boilers, these burn
coal to then generate steam
16:55
for the ship's engines.
16:59
The Titanic has six boiler rooms,
17:00
so boiler Room 1, Boiler Room 2,
17:02
and then 3, 4, 5, and
6, 29 boilers in total.
17:04
Boiler Room 1 has five
single-ended boilers.
17:10
This means you can only put coal
17:13
into one side of the boiler.
17:14
Boiler Room 2 through 6
has double-ended boilers,
17:17
so coal can go into both
sides of the boiler.
17:21
Coal bunkers are placed
between each boiler room.
17:25
So these were filled with coal
17:27
before they left for their journey.
17:28
Working in the boiler
rooms was very difficult.
17:31
It was hot, and humid, and
work was extremely tiring.
17:34
The firemen were the crew
members who had the job
17:37
of keeping these boilers fed with coal.
17:40
Let's take a look inside
one of these boilers.
17:43
The coal goes in through here,
17:46
and the fire will heat the water,
17:49
which will generate steam.
17:50
This will also produce smoke
17:53
that travels through the smoke tubes
17:55
and then up through the
boiler exhaust uptakes,
17:58
which then goes to one of the
first three of the funnels.
18:01
The steam that gets produced
will travel through the pipes
18:07
towards the back of the ship.
18:11
It takes as much as 24 hours
to start producing steam
18:13
so they have to start preparing
18:17
long before the ship
will leave the harbor.
18:18
This steam makes it all
the way to the engine room.
18:20
Inside of this room are two
reciprocating steam engines.
18:25
These engines were three stories tall.
18:28
Even by today's standards,
that's enormous.
18:30
Inside of each engine,
there are four cylinders.
18:34
Inside of each cylinder is a piston.
18:38
The steam comes in and pushes
the piston up and then down.
18:41
This happens over and over.
18:48
All four cylinders working together
18:50
turn the shaft down below.
18:53
Each shaft goes out through
the back of the ship
18:56
and connects to the propellers.
19:00
Don't forget, there's a third
propeller blade at the middle,
19:04
but this one is powered
by a different engine.
19:08
Leftover steam from the
reciprocating engines
19:12
goes to the next room,
19:15
which has the low pressure turbine engine.
19:16
The steam is used to
turn the center shaft,
19:19
which then turns the third
propeller blade out the back.
19:23
So the outside propeller
blades are powered
19:27
by the reciprocating steam engines,
19:29
and the center propeller is powered
19:32
by the low pressure turbine engine.
19:34
The leftover steam from the turbine engine
19:38
goes to the condensers.
19:40
This turns the steam into water again,
19:42
where it can then be
recycled back to the boilers.
19:45
Freshwater was stored in large tanks here.
19:49
This could be used as drinking
water throughout the ship.
19:52
This is the electric engine room.
19:56
There are four electric
engines that use steam
19:58
to make electricity for the entire ship.
20:01
There were also two backup
engines behind here.
20:04
On the night the Titanic sank,
20:07
This area of the ship didn't take on water
20:08
until the very end.
20:11
The electricians kept these motors running
20:12
as long as possible to keep the lights on.
20:14
The Titanic had a system
of 15 watertight bulkheads,
20:20
which made 16 watertight compartments.
20:24
If the ship was damaged
and water started filling
20:27
one of these compartments,
it shouldn't spill over
20:30
into any of the others, or
at least that's the idea.
20:32
The watertight bulkheads
separate the lower decks
20:37
For example, there are
watertight bullheads
20:40
between every coal bunker.
20:42
But the crew members need
to be able to get through
20:45
That's why they used watertight doors.
20:48
Normally, they remained open.
20:51
But in an emergency, they could be closed
20:53
in just a few seconds.
20:55
These watertight compartments
were originally said
20:58
to have made the ship unsinkable.
21:00
When the Titanic hit the iceberg,
21:03
it scraped along the
starboard side of the ship.
21:04
Many of the forward
compartments started flooding.
21:08
It proved to be too much,
21:10
and the Titanic was doomed to sink.
21:12
I create 3D animations to show
and explain how things work.
21:18
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21:22
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21:24
Thanks for watching, and
I'll see you next time.
21:26