– Bilingual Lyrics Chinese/English

Lyrics & Translation

[English]

Hello, audience friends, I am Li Wenyi

Welcome to Taiwan New Ideas Today

We want to discuss the theme of today's episode with you

In the end, it is up to humans to build a sun

Is it possible

This scene looks like the plot of a science fiction novel

Now it is not only possible to achieve

The speed must also be accelerated

Look at this artificial sun on the screen

The proper noun is called nuclear fusion

In the most vernacular way,

it is composed of more than two atomic nuclei

combined into a new atomic nucleus

It is called the sun

because this 4.57 billion-year-old star

releases light and heat through nuclear fusion

Therefore, if human fusion is successful

we will have the first one in history

Inexhaustible energy

Because it relies on the isotope knife of seawater hydrogen

Just one reaction

can create 3.15 million joules of energy

Not only does it not emit carbon

, but it also only contains a small amount of low-level nuclear waste

In theory, just a small cup of fuel

can power a house for hundreds of years

Next, we will take you through the special topic to analyze

What secrets exist in nuclear fusion, which is known as the Holy Grail of energy

...

And how far humans have to go if they want to build a sun

...

Look up at the night sky

The dark universe is lit by countless stars

The sun is a perfect star

The light and heat it emits

Enough to last the earth for billions of years

The sun is very big, so it is very heavy

So it is equivalent to gravity holding all the particles

together

The core of the sun is as high as 400 million degrees

Up to 600 million tons of hydrogen undergo nuclear fusion every second

It can be said to be the most mysterious physical phenomenon

And is it possible for humans to realize the dream of nuclear fusion

Create an artificial sun

He Ronghe

is a major solution to the future of crystallized energy for mankind

In order to unravel the mystery behind the principle

we came to the Atomic Energy Commission to find experts

You can see this cement wall

We had calculated the radiation it produced

We need at least a 40 cm thick cement wall

to concentrate its radiation inside

In addition to the 40 cm thick cement wall

A 5 cm thick lead door was also built

The purpose is to prevent high-energy particles from ejecting outward

This is a nuclear fusion laboratory

The location is at the Nuclear Energy Research Institute of the Yuan Energy Association

And in the center of the room

is a small nuclear fusion reactor

The first step is to vacuum

and then pour the experimental gas I want into it

Then the next step is this capacitor bank

It needs to discharge to generate current

to generate a magnetic field

and then focus the plasma outside

and then produce a nuclear fusion reaction

As early as the 1960s after World War II,

the scientific community began to study nuclear fusion

Traditional nuclear power generation uses nuclear fission

to impact a large atom through neutrons

Split into two small atoms to release energy

But the process will produce a high concentration of

radioactive nuclear waste

The half-life of millions of years is still unsolved

This radiation is

Well, when we talk about the half-life, it is actually very long

So it just puts it there and it keeps radiating

There is always radiation energy coming out

The so-called nuclear fusion

It is to fuse two small balls into one big one

Most of them choose the isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium and tritium

The most difficult part is that both atoms are positively charged

and will repel each other

And for them to fuse to release energy

It is necessary to simulate the extremely high temperature and high pressure environment of the sun

And nuclear fusion will only produce low-order nuclear waste

It is regarded as the Holy Grail of energy

The product contains helium neutrons

Titanium is a neutron without radiation

In fact, it itself is also defined as a radiation

Then you can actually use cement to block it

...

Nuclear fusion has high energy efficiency

The energy released is millions of times that of chemical reactions

If you want to generate 1 billion watts of electricity

Thermal power plants consume 2.7 million tons of coal every year

Switch to nuclear fission

and consume 1,000 kilograms of uranium 235 every year

As for nuclear fusion

Only 250 kilograms of fuel can achieve the same power generation

And the deuterium in the fuel can be obtained from seawater

It will help to significantly reduce carbon emissions and delay climate change

This is why for decades

Countries are rushing to participate in the nuclear fusion competition

However, there is a famous saying in the field of nuclear fusion. If you want to realize it,

you will always have to wait for another 30 years

thirty years left and always will be

That is to say, if you asked me 30 years ago when will it be realized?

After 30 years, you ask me today when will it be realized

In fact, I will still tell you about twenty or thirty years later

Why do scientists say this

Because it is not that the nuclear fusion reaction has not been successful in the past 60 years

There have always been bottlenecks that need to be broken

The biggest hurdle is the output energy

It must be more than double the input energy

It was not until 2022 that this milestone was finally reached

The first time I spit out more energy than what I put in

Well, hey, so this is where it's very important

thank you to the NNSA

the national nuclear security administration

and everybody who has been involved in this fusion

breakthrough that will go down

in the history books

The one that successfully set a new record for nuclear fusion

is a national laboratory in California, USA

There is a US national laboratory inside

To put it bluntly

it is the largest and most powerful laser system in the world

main Laser operation will begin in approximately one minute

This system is as big as three football fields

There are two laser cabins

that can generate up to 192 laser pulses

three

two

one

High-energy and high-speed laser pulses are formed through amplifiers

How amazing the energy speed is

It only takes one second, which is 1/100,000 seconds

to complete a nuclear fusion reaction

Laser pulses simulate the interior of the sun

With a high temperature of more than 100 million degrees

and a high pressure of 1,000 times atmospheric pressure

the fuel ball implodes to achieve nuclear fusion

The original promoter of the laboratory

was Edward Teller, known as the father of the hydrogen bomb. At this stage

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is the artificial sun finally coming true?

Taking this laboratory in California as an example

a total of 2.05 million joules of energy was input

and 3.15 million joules of energy was produced

Although the net energy gain was 1.5 times

but in order to generate the laser pulse

it actually consumed up to 322 million joules of energy

Just getting even is useless

Then usually everyone's goal should be about 10

It is to throw out 10 times the energy

The reason is that this energy will be converted into electricity later

This conversion to electricity will consume some energy

Net energy increase

It must be at least 10 times more to have power generation benefits

In addition to finding ways to reduce energy consumption

Nuclear fusion must continue

Experts admit that there are still many challenges in food

Send the pill to the location

Then you have to exit after it is lit

Another one has to come in

Oh, it’s him

In terms of mechanical design

That may be a big challenge

Most of the goals of new startups are set in 2035

2030-2035 to generate energy

Despite the difficulties

scientists have never given up

Just like a million years ago

humans first learned to drill wood to make fire

Open a new page in historical development

Once the

dream of artificial sun is realized

it means that a new era of unlimited energy is coming

But in this new battlefield

Is there any chance for Taiwan to rise

In fact, Taiwan not only has opportunities

but may even become the first country in the world

to commercialize nuclear fusion technology

Different from large-scale nuclear fusion reactors

, what Taiwan does

is mainly based on small desktop nuclear fusion systems

As early as August 2021

it has achieved a net energy gain rate of more than 100%

It has been able to operate continuously for more than 8 hours

You can see the reaction inside

It will glow

Inside the transparent glass container is a group of blue-purple light

Constantly emitting lightning

Known as the most advanced small nuclear fusion system

Appeared in Taiwan

It can run continuously for 8 hours

At the beginning

If you mess with it, it will not be very stable

Yes, then after about 40 seconds

well, he became very stable.

This is a Taiwan-US joint development

Desktop fusion device

The size is only the size of a computer host

It can be used in the office or even at home

Compared with European and American countries that have invested in

ultra-large nuclear fusion

Taiwan chose to develop a small system

Focusing on the advantage of low cost and fast R&D

For desktop type

First, we do not need so much R&D funds

We need to be very fast

We can do many experiments

That experiment may cost hundreds of dollars

Thousands of dollars

In this way, after his reaction

he will not produce

Generally the problem of neutron radiation we just talked about

So its volume can be reduced

There should be no need to consider radiation

Do some radiation shielding

But relatively speaking

that is to say

the temperature of the reaction will be relatively high

Maintain a vacuum inside the reactor

put in hydrogen and boron and energize it to form a plasma state

to perform nuclear fusion

Compared with the reaction of deuterium and tritium

it can avoid radiation and nuclear waste

Especially hydrogen is the main element of solar nuclear fusion

The problem is that it requires energy of 30,000 to 100,000 electron volts.

The general laboratory voltage is about 500 volts.

How to do it?

Lightning can reach

about 60,000 to 70,000 million electron volts.

Then we also use lightning. Successful creation of fusion reaction

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This set of desktop fusion

is ready to start commercialization this year

The fastest commercialization is 2027

By 2027, we hope to be

By 5 times

You are basically like a sun

That means that after I started to ignite it

he will generate energy by himself

Under the goal of net zero carbon emissions

Thermal power generation and traditional nuclear power plants

will go into history in the future

Replaced by rate energy

But the biggest disadvantage of renewable energy is that it is intermittent

and cannot provide stable power supply

Once nuclear fusion operates stably

it can continue to produce clean energy

Take this small device in Taiwan

The net energy gain rate can currently reach 1.2-1.5 times

It is expected to be used to generate steam for the petrochemical industry

The output power target in the first stage is 1,000-10,000 watts

The net energy gain rate in the next stage will be 3-5 times

The output power is 10,000 to 50 megawatts

It will be able to load electric vehicles and factories

For large systems developed by other countries

The output power will reach more than 50 megawatts

Only in order to become the power generation host of the power company

In Taiwan alone, the US dollar is probably ah

500 million to 1 billion yuan

This is a trillion-dollar industry

If this technology can really develop it

then this business opportunity is very, very big

There is no doubt that nuclear fusion is energy

In the future, it will be the next number one industry

It is a pity

There were not many talents in the field of nuclear fusion in Taiwan in the past.

Enterprises want to accelerate research and development.

The first challenge is to find people.

He said it is not possible now.

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In fact, nuclear fusion is an interdisciplinary science

spanning plasma engineering, magnetic field devices, superconductors, etc.

Different majors

But currently Taiwanese talents are scattered in different industries

Even scholars and experts who specialize in research are very few

We have this course

but we may not be able to find suitable professors at the moment

Like our

graduation review form

There is a course called Nuclear Energy

But there is no such course at the moment

This is why I came to the Institute of Plasma

Once the nuclear fusion industry is formed

it can accelerate the pace of development

The National Science Council and the National Energy Council began to cooperate

They will imitate the multinational nuclear fusion reactor ITAR

Create a Taiwanese version of Tokmak to achieve military training

We will do some things in the two-year plan

Some simulation designs of tokemar

The plan is to build a small tokemar in the third or fourth year

...

It is for teaching and research

I hope to use this tokemar setting

to establish some educational talents in Taiwan

A giant ring-shaped superconducting magnet

can form a nuclear fusion environment through a strong magnetic field

But the ITAR cost is as high as NT$600-700 billion

The current domestic planning budget is up to NT$45 million a year

The scale gap is huge

But it is already a big step for Taiwan to develop nuclear fusion

You have to have a goal to be attractive

Today we can increase the coefficient

We can publicize that we are going to do nuclear fusion

When students come, it is good to be the first

Then if I do this, where will I go after graduation

When you have no future job opportunities

It is difficult for you to attract the people behind you

Each university should put 10 to 15 units

You can start learning this nuclear fusion right now

You can do experiments for college students

Facing Taiwan's talent dilemma

Enterprises are also developing small experimental machines

Hope to provide research units with use

Accelerate the realization of the technological dream of artificial sun

On July 14, 2023

Taiwan's first self-made weather satellite Wind Hunter

was shipped to French Guyana

It is expected to be launched in September

If successfully launched

this satellite

will be able to provide nearly 70,000 pieces of data every day

making Taiwan a key international exporter of

meteorological data

And there is an important person

that is Director of the National Space Center Wu Zongxin

In fact, many people are familiar with him

He is Taiwan's most famous rocket, Abei

In the past, he successfully launched the first

large-scale hybrid sounding rocket in Taiwan's academic community

He is also the passionate Abei in the Mayday MV

who never gives up

Now he is Taiwan's hope for advancing in space

And this episode's exclusive interview with the great figure Wu Zongxin

will show you how he leads Taiwan

Leaving the surface of the earth

Heading for Space

2004

An American high school student with a height of only 168 cm

rewrote the rules of basketball around the world

He was laughed at at the time for looking like a child

Now he is the greatest shooter in NBA history

Rush, rush, otherwise how can I do so many things

1984 A college entrance examination failed

Twice unemployed

A down-and-out man who has been supported by his wife at home for 6 years

Unexpectedly, a planet in the future

will be named after him

He is the only Asian director in history

Ang Lee who has won two Oscars

A big problem for students in Taiwan is that

very few take the initiative

He can feel it if you do well in exams

Only classmates or teachers will like him

So you can lie to me no matter what you say

Wu Zongxin, the most famous Rocket Abei in Taiwan

The first speaker in the history of TED to explain professional technology in Taiwanese

...

How to build a bridge to the universe for Taiwan

Rocket Abei is a guest at the big man's hot-blooded opening

Those who dare to dream are welcome to sign up.

I've been to spaceX and they have this kind of thing

It's true

spaceX

They use this in their

Companies all have this

And this spaceboy is so cute

In fact, I see your experience

You actually never thought you would go into space

No this, no this

So a lot of things

Yes, but I have some central ideas.

For example, I want to do

something that is more influential in Taiwan.

Well, it has an impact.

As a teacher, you have written a paper. Wu Zongxin, who is almost 60 years old

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The crisis of making middle-aged people gain weight

passed him by

In the past, he always said that he was 195 centimeters

However, in fact, it was far less than this number

And he only weighed more than 50 kilograms

However, his plans and ambitions were very ambitious

He said that he had never thought about going into space

He didn't expect that the next step would be to go to the sky

It was so big that he himself said it was like a child playing with a big car

But looking back at Wu Zongxin's experience

you will know that he is serious

He went to Nanyizhong University in high school and got his master's degree in National Taiwan University in Mechanical Engineering

After graduation, he got a scholarship

Go to the University of Michigan to study for a doctorate in aerospace engineering

An overly beautiful academic qualification

It is unimaginable that he actually came from rural Tainan

His parents were illiterate at all

1964 was the year Wu Zongxin was born

...

Taiwan began to accumulate foreign exchange

It was about to move from the agricultural era to an industrial society

At that time, Wu Zongxin had 6 children in his family

He was the youngest

Both parents were doing hard work

There is a problem wherever the next meal is

As for space

To the Taiwanese at that time,

was just the background of science fiction movies

Not to mention

That was Wu Zongxin who couldn't even drink milk

In fact, our country's Xiao Zhen's wish was to become a national baseball player

Because that elementary school is

The third generation of the Tainan City Giants

There is another childhood dream for survival

That is, eating was the most important at that time

However, after entering the elementary school

Wu Zongxin discovered

Because of the parallel time and space created by poverty

In addition to life

There is also language

I spoke Mandarin in the first grade

So I couldn't understand it at all

Because I

Even though I was born and went to elementary school, I was stupid

I couldn't understand what the teacher said

I was deeply impressed by the second grade

I got second place in the final exam

When I think back, my sister said

It should be then that I understood Mandarin

But when he grew up, Wu Zongxin did not lose Taiwanese

Instead, carry it forward

Go to the United States to study and insist on speaking Taiwanese

At the 2016 Sanli Taiwan True Hero Award Ceremony

He also used Taiwanese

Reflecting his ambition for the world

I am absolutely confident

We are absolutely confident to overcome the mountains ahead one after another

We must overcome this difficulty

I must leave the earth

Will not give up

Want to shoot the Taiwanese's space dream

The Taiwanese's dream into the boundless space

Come on Taiwan

Thank you rocket team

Go ahead

Otherwise it is impossible

How is it possible to do so many things

If you can finish it in 10 minutes

Why do you have to do it in 20 minutes

August 2, 2021

Wu Zongxin has changed from a distinguished professor

to the director of the National Space Center

He is responsible for

Taiwan’s entire space dream

But the reality is that in the year he took office

the space center’s budget was only NT$2.5 billion

As for South Korea’s budget in the same year, it was NT$14.9 billion

There are probably four parts in the general space industry

One is

rockets and satellites

and some control on the ground

related receiving devices

The other one is applications and value-added services

So you can dig into its content

It means manned but not manned

If it wants to carry people, the investment cost will be terrible

So there are actually few places in the world

namely the United States, Russia, China

Because the things that go up are very expensive

One kilogram

If it is sent to orbit, it may cost tens of thousands of dollars

Oh

Yes, there is also a satellite that may be

1 billion 2 billion 3 billion

Ah, beautiful!

July 10, 2022

Taiwan's first hybrid satellite-like carrier rocket

was successfully launched from the Xuhai Launch Site

It fell into the sea two minutes after takeoff

The actual flight altitude was 3 kilometers

Maybe it was too small to carry people

Maybe the achievement seemed insignificant

But it was the world's first

hybrid rocket with guidance and control technology

It took Wu Zongxin nearly 20 years to get here

Because space is different from the ground

As long as he goes up

there is nothing you can do

Like a car that breaks down, it can be recalled

Another more important thing is that he has cosmic rays

including α β γ

If you don’t have a strong IC manufacturing industry

In fact, there is nothing you can do

Make these anti-radiation lenses

This one

Put it inside. This is an aircraft

Sorry, it’s a flying body

Could you please take it off

Pick it up and wait a minute

This is the scene of Wu Zongxin appearing in front of the media for the first time in 2015

At that time, he

...

was not the Rocket Uncle in Mayday’s stubborn MV

Just a down-and-out professor with a group of nearly 30-year-old students

who could not receive subsidies

At that time, they

had been working on rockets until they could no longer survive

Nearly 70 million

And now we have bottomed out

In the middle, we actually fought for it so that we could continue

and let it go

Then the youth of students

The teacher's youth is gone

After five or six years, wow, you won't do it

I think this is

For me personally and for the students

I think it is a joke

In fact, this is not bad at making fun of him

At that time, compared with the rockets that the astronauts rode

Wu Zongxin's team was not big enough and could not give it away

They are often ridiculed for playing soaring cannons

But what you don’t know is that

without state subsidies

each test launch is the most basic cost

and costs 100,000 yuan

Wu Zongxin was once in debt of 600,000 to 700,000 yuan

So in order to make money,

he launched the first fund-raising operation in the name of a rocket in Taiwan's history

...

This year he went all over Taiwan to give speeches

Constructing rockets to push the space economy

At this time

He became the first speaker in the history of TED

to explain professional technology in Taiwanese

The future of middle-aged Aber

In fact, I want to do my best

I have almost 20 or 30 years of struggle left

Maybe not to create a bright future for Taiwan

This is our wish Finally, I want to announce to everyone

We will never give up

Just leave the earth, thank you, thank you

I have a personality, I love a group of people to do things together

Yes, isn't that what rugby is like

...

Yes, yes, I used to play baseball and basketball

It was just a bunch of people playing basketball and bullfighting

Or in a mess

When the ball comes out, I get it myself

But you are the concept of the brain

I decide how I want to attack

At some moments, I feel like Wu Zongxin is like a child

But maybe because

this boyish atmosphere

reminds me of myself from the beginning of society to the present

I don’t know how many companies I have changed

How many colleagues have come and gone

Life is still going on

It’s not that I don’t dare to think of dreams

But we are living in an era of choosing only good things

Not willing or courageous to face bad things

A big problem among Taiwanese students is

Very few take the initiative

This is related to Taiwan’s education system

Why is it because of your elementary school kindergarten

Even if your elementary school grades are not good, it is actually OK

Yes

Unless you spend most of your time playing or at home

But when you go to junior high school or high school, it doesn’t matter whether you have money or not

Just work hard and take the exam

It’s the exam

If you are a child, he will notice

My performance in school is not good

Do you pay equal attention to the five virtues

(Full marks are important)

He can feel it if you are good at exams

Only among classmates or teachers will like him

So he thinks you are lying to me in everything you say.

You are lying to me in everything you say with beautiful pictures.

So we are like a good school in Jiaotong University.

You will find out how that child

became like this. But from him

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I feel that actually

maybe as long as you do one thing well in your life

your life will be complete.

From him

I will also reflect on myself

When encountering difficulties

Do you choose to turn around at the first time

Give up

But sometimes you don’t insist on going on with many things

You don’t know the final result

What will it look like

Please unveil

The others are some that have been launched before

But these are all foreigners

There is only this one

It looks thinner

We did this ten years ago

There is probably no accident

In the future, Taiwan will have its own satellite vehicle

He will make you more excited than the satellite looks

End of interview

I asked him if Taiwan really had a chance

Can he have his own rocket?

He told me to wait and see his performance next year

His tone still revealed the aura of a passionate boy

It seems that even though he changed from engineering clothes to a suit

, the soul of

Rocket Uncle has not dissipated

He once watched the rocket take off

Then the scene of a bunch of scientists hugging each other and crying

is far away from us

But maybe now we can really bravely dream

and even touch the distant future that Taiwan

cannot touch

Mentioning the space field

One of the industrial chains is drones

2016 is the time when drones began to rise

And the nutrients for his growth

come from the widespread application of space satellites

Especially DJI from Shenzhen, China

Known as the iPhone of the drone industry

The global market share exceeds 70%

Even Taiwan's government agencies

almost exclusively adopted it in the past

But in 2020

Because it involved information security and national defense concerns

DJI was blacklisted by the United States

At the same time, it also withdrew from the Russian and Ukrainian markets

So this trillion-dollar UAV market

may be a new blue ocean where Taiwan can flex its muscles

Next, we will give you an in-depth analysis

Whether Taiwanese manufacturers can seize the opportunity and take advantage of the trend

Alishan, Chiayi, composed of mountains, seas and plains

The sunrise shines on Alishan

The gorgeous sun rises slowly

As many as 600 drones show up in the night sky

Taiwan’s famous Alishan sunrise

The image that appears now is Taiwan

Rotate while constantly changing graphics

From 3D Taiwan to the rotating Earth

You can even write calligraphy in the air

Taiwan's drone performance technology continues to evolve

But the R&D team has embarked on new breakthroughs

After completing the development of these performance technologies

We are now further advanced into this

It is more of a real-time calculation and operation

Changing formation

Large-scale drone demonstrations require accurate route control

Although the difficulty is high

but it can be overcome through time planning

The next step is to combine the AI algorithm

to allow the drone swarm to automatically change the formation in time

Good swarm is ready to take off 32

10 drones take off at the same time

Good next move

From a simple array to a triangle

Show other geometric shapes

In the future, these commercial drones

will not only be able to communicate in the air

and even take the initiative to give commands

The application level will also be expanded from Zhanyan

to blanket defense and search

There is a host in the sky that allows it to carry 100 wingmen

He can command

These 100 wingmen themselves must have some autonomy

Then we need to calculate and communicate with each other

Then the thing about avoiding waves will involve

That is to say, uh, the number of my aircraft

In addition to the calculation, uh, the quality of communication, etc.

At present, we will first achieve 50 aircraft

In the future, we hope to increase it to 100 aircraft

or even higher

When a major disaster occurs

Drones can be dispatched to deliver supplies at the first time

Or to deliver packages to remote areas

It can also be equipped with network devices

to help restore communications in disaster areas

and obtain high-resolution images for disaster response

When Kaohsiung was hit by gas

That was the first time Taiwan's drones came into play

He covered the entire Kaohsiung in just one day

...

The situation in this disaster area was very, very tragic

Do very precise shooting like this

The application level of drones continues to expand

Statistics from the Ministry of Economic Affairs

The global market size in 2022 will be approximately US$30.4 billion

It is estimated to grow to US$41.3 billion in 2026

According to the 2021 market survey

Global commercial drones

China's DJI has the highest market share

Up to more than 50%

Far more than the second-ranked American brand

However, with the sanctions on DJI

it will be Taiwan's biggest opportunity to develop drones

This drone manufacturer headquartered in Taichung

is a member of the national team

Three-story factory

From drone structural design to assembly and manufacturing

Everything is done

What our engineers are designing is what we will do this year

It is expected that this year

a helicopter under 25 kilograms will be commercialized

So this is a secret weapon for us

It is currently a secret weapon

We now need to take a look at the battery

Arrangement method

How to arrange it will be more appropriate

You can judge from this 3D picture

The appearance is like a small boarding case

This is a ground operation station developed by the industry

It has complete functions from route planning to flight settings

You can also see the real-time feedback screen

It mainly looks at some information about your aircraft

and then plans your route

Because how you want to fly is set from

here

What the staff is assembling

is the key component of the drone

It is mainly used to control the direction of the motor.

Just this small part

needs to be tested at least 100,000 times

to ensure the stability of flight quality

However, many domestic drone manufacturers

are still in the early stage of small and medium-sized enterprises

For this industry, the team is less than 20 people

But a drone is created from scratch

The development cost is tens of millions

The capital is only 9 million

In the first three years before the company was established

At that time, if we

had to integrate all these sub-systems

completely

the cost of development

would probably be a part of the company's capital

Taiwan's domestic demand market is small

A few government procurement cases

are already the largest layoffs in the country

It is even more difficult to compete with large international companies.

Only by constantly trying to find export opportunities

can they open up the international market

Today's Taiwan New Silk Road Thank you for watching

See you next time

[Chinese]

觀眾朋友大家好我是李文儀

歡迎收看今天台灣新思路

今天這一集的主題我們要跟您討論

到底靠人類要打造一個太陽

有沒有可能

這大庭之下像是科幻小說的情節

現在不但有可能實現

速度還必須要加快

你看畫面上這個人造太陽

專有名詞叫做核融合

用最白話的方式來說

它就是由兩顆以上的原子核

結合成一顆新的原子核

至於會叫做太陽

是因為這顆已經高齡45.7億歲的恆星

就是以核融合的方式釋放光跟熱

也因此假如人類的合融合成功

我們將會擁有史上第一個

取之不盡用之不竭的能源

因為它是靠海水氫的同位素刀來作用

光是一次反應

就能創造3.15百萬焦爾的能量

而且不但不會排碳

也只有少部分的低階核廢料

理論上只要一小杯燃料

就可以為一間房子供電長達了數百年

而接下來我們將透過專題帶您分析

這號稱能源聖盃的核融合

到底存在著什麼祕密

以及人類如果要打造一顆太陽

到底還要走多遠的距離

抬頭仰望夜空

漆黑宇宙被無數恆星點亮

太陽就是一顆完美恆星

它發出的光和熱

足以讓地球連用數十億年

太陽很大所以很重

所以它等於是靠重力把所有粒子

壓著抓在一起

太陽核心高達4億度

每一秒有多達6億噸的氫進行核融合

可說是最神祕的物理現象

而人類有沒有可能實現核融合夢想

打造出人造太陽

何榮和

是人類未來結晶能源的一大解方

為了解開背後的原理謎團

我們來到原子能委員會尋找專家

你可以看到這個水泥牆

我們當初算過了它產生出來的輻射

我們至少要40公分厚的水泥牆

才可以把它的輻射集中在裡面

除了厚達40公分的水泥牆

還打造5公分厚的鉛門

目的是要避免高能粒子往外射

這是一間核融合實驗室

地點就在園能會的核能研究所

而房間中央

就是一個小型核融合反應爐

第一個就是要先抽真空

然後把我要的實驗氣體灌到裡面去

然後接下來就是這個電容庫啊

他要放電產生電流

產生磁場

然後把那個電漿給聚焦在外面

然後產生核融合反應

早在1960年代二戰結束後

科學界就開始研究核融合

傳統核能發電是採用核分裂

將一顆大原子透過中子撞擊

分裂成兩個小原子釋放能量

但過程當中會產生高濃度

放射性核廢料

半衰其長達百萬年至今依然無解

這個放射線是

呃我們講半衰其實很長的

所以他就是放在那他一直在輻射

一直有輻射能量出來

所謂核融合

則是將兩顆小圓子融合成一顆大圓子

大多是選擇氫的同位素 氘和氚

最難的地方就在於兩個原子都帶正電

會互相排斥

而要讓他們融合釋放能量

就需要模擬太陽極度高溫高壓的環境

而核融合只會產生低階核廢料

被視為能源聖盃

產物有氦根中子

鈦是沒有輻射線的中子

其實它本身也被定義一種輻射線

那你其實可以用水泥啊就

把它擋下

核融合能源效率高

釋放出的能量是化學反應的數百萬倍

若要產生10億瓦的電

火力發電廠每年得消耗270萬噸煤

換成核分裂

每年消耗1,000公斤的鈾235

至於核融合

只要250公斤燃料就能達到相同發電量

而且燃料中的氘從海水就能取得

將有助於大幅減少碳排延緩氣候變遷

這也是為什麼幾十年來

各國都爭相投入核融合競賽

不過核融合領域有一句名言想實現

永遠還要再等30年

thirty years left and always will be

就是說你30年前問我什麼時候會實現

30年後你今天問我什麼時候會實現

其實我還是會跟你講大約二三十年後

科學家為什麼這麼說

因為60年來核融合反應不是沒成功過

而是一直有瓶頸需要突破

最大的關卡就是輸出能量

必須是輸入能量的一倍以上

直到2022年才終於達成這個里程碑

第一次我吐出來能量真的比進去的多

嗯嘿所以這個是它很重要的地方

thank you to the NNSA

the national nuclear security administration

and everybody who has been involved in this fusion

breakthrough that will go down

in the history books

成功創下核融合新紀錄的

是美國加州一座國家級實驗室

裡頭有一座美國國家級實驗室

說白話

就是全球最大能量最強的鐳射系統

main Laser operation will begin in approximately one minute

這套系統足足有三個足球場大

共有兩座鐳射艙

可生成多達192束鐳射脈衝

three

two

one

透過放大器形成高能高速的鐳射脈衝

能量速度有多驚人

只要一耐秒也就是1/100,000秒

就能完成一次核融合反應

雷射脈衝模擬太陽內部

以超過1億度高溫

和大氣壓力1,000倍的高壓

讓燃料球內爆達到核融合

而實驗室最初的推手

就是被稱為氫彈之父的愛德華泰勒

Ushered in the Atomic age and laid

the foundation for our national Laboratories

1945年 奧本海默領導的曼哈頓計劃

成功研發原子彈後

泰勒就開始進行以核融合

為原理的氫彈研發

而走到現在這個階段

人造太陽終於要成真了嗎

以加州這座實驗室來說

共輸入2.05百萬焦爾能量

產生了3.15百萬焦爾能量

雖然達到1.5倍的淨能量增益

但為了要生成鐳射脈衝

前後其實消耗多達322百萬焦爾能量

剛好打平沒有用

那通常大家的目標應該是10左右了

就是丟出10倍的能量

原因是這個能量後面還要再轉成電

這個轉向電又都會有一些耗能

淨能量增異

至少要10倍以上才具有發電效益

除了要想辦法減少耗能

還得讓核融合不斷持續

專家坦言在食物上還有很多挑戰

把那個丸送到定位

然後他點燃以後你要退出

另外一個要再進來

哦就是他

這個機械設計上

可能那個就是一個蠻大的挑戰的

新創公司大部分的目標在落在2035年

2030-2035產生能量

儘管困難重重

科學家卻始終不曾放棄

就像百萬年前

人類第一次學會鑽木取火

揭開歷史發展新頁

人造太陽的

夢想一旦實現

就等於無限能源的新時代即將來臨

但在這個新的戰場裡

臺灣有沒有崛起的機會呢

事實上臺灣不只有機會

甚至還有可能成為了全球第一個

邁向核融合技術商業化的國家

不同於大型的核融合反應爐

臺灣所做的

是以小型的桌上核融合系統為主

早在2021年8月

就已經做到淨能量增益率超過了100%

至今已經能連續運轉超過8小時

你這可以看到裡面的反應狀況

會發光

透明玻璃容器裡頭是一團藍紫色光芒

不斷髮出閃電

號稱目前最先進的小型核融合系統

就出現在臺灣

實測可連續運轉8小時

剛開始的時候

你弄弄了他的話他不是很穩定

對然後大概40秒鐘的時候

嗯他就變成很穩定

這是臺美合作開發的

桌上型合融合裝置

尺寸僅僅一臺電腦主機大小

在辦公室甚至住家就能使用

相較於歐美各國紛紛投入

超大型核融合

臺灣選擇開發小型系統

看準的是成本低研發快這個優勢

桌上型的話

第一個我們不需要那麼多的研發經費

要給我們速度很快

我們可以做很多實驗

那一個實驗的話可能就是幾百塊

幾千塊美金

這樣他的反應以後

他不會產生

一般我們剛剛講的中子輻射的問題

所以它的體積可以縮小

應該不用去考慮輻射

做一些輻射遮蔽的事情

可是相對來講

就是說

它的那個反應的溫度會比較高

反應爐內部維持真空

放入氫硼兩種元素通電形成電漿狀態

就能進行核融合

比起氘和氚的反應

更能避免輻射和核廢料

尤其是氫是太陽核融合的主要元素

問題是需要3萬到10萬電子伏特的能量

一般實驗室電壓大約500伏特

到底怎麼做到的

閃電裡面可以達到

好大概六七千千萬電子伏特

那我們也是用閃電

像這裡的話

你看到我們這這個紙的話大概是1.2

利用閃電產生高壓原理

成功創造合融合反應

這一套桌上型合融合

今年已經準備開始商業化

最快2027年商轉

到2027的時候我們希望是

那到5倍的時候

你基本上就像一個太陽一樣

意思就是說我剛開始把他點燃以後

他就自己自己產生能量

在淨零碳排的目標下

火力發電和傳統核電廠

未來都將走入歷史

由率能取代

但再生能源最大缺點就是具有間歇性

無法穩定供電

而核融合一旦穩定運作

就能持續產生潔淨能源

以臺灣這個小型裝置來說

淨能量增益率目前可達1.2-1.5倍

預計用於產生蒸汽可提供石化業使用

第一階段輸出電力目標1,000-1萬瓦

下一階段淨能量增益率將達3-5倍

輸出電力1萬到五十兆瓦

將可裝載電動汽車和廠房

對於其他國家研發的大型系統

輸出電力達50兆瓦以上

才能成為電力公司的發電主機

光臺灣哦美金大概可能就是啊

5億到10億元

這個是個一兆元產業啊

如果說這個技術真的可以把它develop

出來那這個商機是非常非常大的

毫無疑問核融合是能源

未來更是下一個狀元產業

可惜的是

臺灣過去投入核融合領域的人才不多

企業想加速研發

第一個挑戰就是找不到人

他說現在不可以啊

50PERCENT去apprise就是engineer

你還science的都要做核融合啊

對啊所以因為大家看到

看到這個是一個趨勢

你看臺灣連一個核工系都沒有

其實核融合屬於跨領域科學

橫跨電漿工程磁場裝置超導體等

不同專業

但目前臺灣人才都分散在不同產業

就連專門研究的學者專家都寥寥可數

我們有開這個課

但可能目前找不到適合的教授

像我們的

畢業審查表上面

有一個課的名字叫核能

但是目前就沒有開這個課

這樣子所以才來電漿所

核融合產業一旦成型

就能加速發展腳步

國科會與原能會就開始合作

將仿造跨國合建的核融合反應爐ITAR

打造出臺版托克馬克達到練兵效果

兩年計劃當中我們會做一些

tokemar的一些模擬設計

的規劃希望在第三第四年

就蓋一個小型的tokemar

屬於教學跟研究用的

希望能夠借這個tokemar的設定

建立好那在臺灣做一些教育人才

猶如巨人般的環形超導磁鐵

可透過強大磁場形成核融合環境

但ITAR造價高達六七千億臺幣

目前國內規劃預算一年最高4,500萬

規模差距極大

不過已經是臺灣發展核融合的一大步

你要有個目標才有吸引力

今天我們可以增加係數

我們可以宣傳我們要做核融合

學生來就說第一個好

那我做這個我畢業要去哪裡

當你沒有未來工作機會

你很難吸引到後面的人

每個大學放個10臺到15臺啊

就開可以開始來學習這個核融合

可以可以給大學生來做實驗

面對臺灣人才困境

企業也在開發小型實驗機臺

希望提供研究單位使用

加速實現人造太陽的科技夢

在2023年7月14號

臺灣第一枚自制的氣象衛星獵風者

起運前往了法屬蓋亞那

預計在9月要升空

如果成功發射

這顆衛星

每天將可以提供近7萬筆資料

讓臺灣成為國際關鍵

氣象資料的輸出國

而這當中有位重要人物

那就是國家太空中心主任吳宗信

其實很多人對他並不陌生

他是臺灣最有名的火箭阿北

過去曾經成功發射臺灣學術界第一顆

大型混合式的探空火箭

也是五月天MV當中

那位永不放棄的熱血阿北

如今他是臺灣前進太空的希望

而本集大人物吳宗信專訪

就要帶你來看他如何帶領檯灣

離開地球表面

奔向太空

2004年

一個身高只有168公分的美國高中生

改寫了全世界的籃球規則

在當時被嘲笑看起來像個孩子

現在他是NBA史上最偉大的射手

衝衝衝啊 不然我怎麼能做那麼多事

1984年 一個大學聯考落榜

兩次失業

在家靠妻子養了6年的落魄男人

沒想到未來有顆行星

會以他的名字命名

他是歷史上唯一一位

兩度獲得奧斯卡的亞洲導演李安

臺灣的學生有一個很大問題是

主動的非常少

對你如果考試厲害的你他可以感覺到

在同學之間或者老師才會喜歡他

所以你講什麼都騙我的

吳宗信全臺灣最有名的火箭阿北

TED史上第一位用臺語

解說專業科技的演講者

如何為臺灣搭起一座通往宇宙的橋樑

火箭阿伯作客大人物熱血開張

敢做夢的人歡迎對號入座

我去過spaceX他們一樣有這種哦

真的

spaceX

是用這個哦他們裡面

公司裡面都放這個

而且好可愛這個spaceboy太空男孩

其實我看你的經歷

你其實沒有想過你會走進太空

沒有這個沒有這個

所以很多東西

對啊就是不過我有一些中心

中心思想嗯對比如說我想做

對臺灣做出來比較有影響力的

嗯有衝擊啊就是

作為一個老師你論文寫了一本

像我寫了

寫了一兩百篇的對啊當然這是很好

但是他的對社會的衝擊

相對小

相對小很多

已經快60歲的吳宗信

巧妙的讓中年發福的危機

從他身上擦身而過

在過去他總說自己有195公分

然而事實上卻遠不如這個數字

而且體重只有五十幾公斤

卻偏偏做的計劃志向都很遠大

他說他沒想過走進太空

沒想到下一步就選擇登天

大到他自己都說像是小孩在玩大車

但回首吳宗信的經歷

你會知道他是玩真的

高中讀南一中大學碩士都念臺大機械

畢業後拿了獎學金

去密西根大學攻讀航太空工程博士

漂亮過了頭的學歷

讓人無法想象他其實出身臺南農村

爸媽根本不識字

1964是吳宗信出生

的那一年

臺灣開始有了外匯累積

即將從農業時代邁向工業社會

當年吳宗信家裡有6個孩子

他是最小的

父母都在幹勞力活

下一餐在哪都有問題了

至於太空

對當時的臺灣人來說

只是科幻電影的背景

更不用說

那是連牛奶都喝不起的吳宗信

其實我國小真的願望是要當棒球國手

因為那個國小是

臺南市巨人隊第三代

還有另外一個從小夢想其實為了survive

就是吃飯那時候是最重要的

然而在進入國小後

吳宗信才發現

因為貧窮所產生的平行時空

除了生活

還有語言

我一年級時都說國語

所以我完全聽不懂

因為我我對

雖然出生到讀國小的 都傻傻的

老師講什麼

都聽不懂 到二年級時我印象很深

期末考我考第二名

我回想起來 我姐姐說

應該是那時才聽懂國語

只是長大後的吳宗信沒把臺語給丟掉

反而把它發揚光大

到美國唸書堅持講臺語

在2016年三立的臺灣真英雄頒獎典禮上

他也一樣用臺語

映照出對於這個世界的雄心壯志

我絕對啊有信心

我們絕對有信心克服 前面一座接一座大山

要跨過這個困難

我一定要離開地球

不會放棄

欲將臺灣人的太空夢

臺灣人的夢想 射向無垠的太空

臺灣加油

謝謝火箭團隊

沖沖衝啊

不然哪有可能

怎麼有可能做那麼多事

如果你10分鐘可以做完

你為什麼要做20分鐘

2021年8月2號

吳宗信從一位特聘教授

變成了國家太空中心主任

扛下的是

整個臺灣的太空夢

但現實是在他上任的那一年

太空中心的預算只有25億新臺幣

至於同年的韓國預算是149億新臺幣

大概一般的太空產業有大概有四塊吧

一個是

火箭 衛星

還有地面的一些操控的

相關的接收裝置

還有一塊是應用 加值服務啊

所以你再挖進去他的內容哦

就是有載人非載人嘛

要載人的話他那個投入成本就很可怕

所以全世界其實沒有幾個地方

就是美國 俄羅斯 中國

他因為上去的東西斤斤必較

一公斤

如果送到軌道大概可能要幾萬美金

哦

對啊還有一顆衛星可能是

10億 20億 30億

啊 漂亮！

2022年7月10號

臺灣第一支混合式類衛星載具火箭

從旭海發射場成功發射

起飛兩分鐘後落海

實際飛行高度3公里

或許很小不能載人

或許成績看起來微不足道

但這卻是全世界第一支

擁有導控技術的混合式火箭

而吳宗信則是花了近20年才走到這裡

因為太空跟地面不一樣

就是他只要上去

你就沒辦法

像車子壞掉還可以召回

還有一個更重要就是他有宇宙射線

包括 α β γ

如果你沒有很強的IC的製造工業

其實你是沒有辦法

製造這些抗輻射的鏡片

這隻

放在裡面 這是飛行器

不好意思 是飛行體

你把上面搬下來好嗎

這上面拿起來 等一下

這是2015年

吳宗信首度出現在媒體前的畫面

當時的他

還不是五月天頑固MV裡的火箭大叔

只是一個帶著一群快30歲的學生

領不到補助的落魄教授

當時的他們

已經做火箭坐到快活不下去了

快7,000萬的

然後現在我們已經是見底了

中間其實我們去爭取我們可以再繼續

就不了了之

然後學生的青春

老師的青春下去了

過了五六年以後 哇你就不做了

這個我覺得是

對我個人來講跟學生來講

我覺得是在開玩笑

其實開他玩笑的也不差這一個

當時相比太空人坐的火箭

吳宗信團隊做的不夠巨大也送不了人

常被嘲笑他們是在玩沖天炮

但你不知道的是

在沒有國家的補助下

每一次試射光是最基礎的成本

就要耗費10萬元

這樣吳宗信一度負債六七十萬

於是為了賺錢

他發起臺灣史上第一次

以火箭為名的募資行動

這一年他跑遍全臺演講

將火箭構造推力太空經濟

也就在此時

他成了TED 史上第一位

用臺語解說專業科技的演講者

中年阿伯的未來

其實我要盡我最大的力量

我差不多剩二三十年的奮鬥

可能沒有 要創造臺灣光明的未來

這是我們的意願 最後要跟大家宣告

我們絕對不放棄

要離開地球就對了 感謝 謝謝

我有一個個性 是很愛一堆人

一起做事情

對 橄欖球不就這樣嗎

對對對我以前打棒球跟籃球

就是有一堆人在打籃球鬥牛

或者亂成一團

那個球出來我自己拿到

但是你是大腦的概念啊

我決定我要怎麼進攻

在某些時刻 我感覺吳宗信像個孩子

但或許又因為

這股男孩氣息

讓我回想到自己從出社會到現在

不知道已經換過幾間公司

身邊輪轉過多少來來去去的同事

日子依舊在過

不是不敢想起夢想

而是我們正活在一個只選擇好的時代

不願 也沒有勇氣 面對壞的本事

臺灣的學生有一個很大問題是

主動的非常少

這跟臺灣的教育體制有關

為什麼因為你國小幼稚園

你國小即使成績不好 其實也OK嘛

對

大部分時間都在玩或者除非家裡

可是你上國中高中不管你有錢沒錢

就是努力考試啊

就是考試

你小孩子他會發覺

我在學校功績不好了

是不是五德並重

（滿分才重要）

對你如果考試厲害的你他可以感覺到

在同學之間或者老師才會喜歡他

所以他覺得 你講什麼都騙我的

什麼畫圖漂亮什麼都騙人的

所以我們在裡面像交大不錯的學校

你會發現那小孩

怎麼會變這樣

我朋友曾經開玩笑的笑過一件事

我是思想的巨人

行動的侏儒

一般人總是可能想的比做的多吧

但是從他的身上

我覺得其實

或許一輩子只要做好一件事

你的人生就功德圓滿了

從他身上

我也會反思自己

遇到了困難

是不是第一時間就選擇轉身

放棄

但是有時候很多事你不堅持走下去

你不知道看到最後的成果

會是什麼樣子

請揭牌

其他就是一些以前發射過

不過這全部都是外國的人

那只有這顆

看起來就是比較瘦

這個事以前 我們十年前做的

大概沒有意外

以後臺灣會有自己做衛星載具

他比比衛星看起來會更讓你亢奮

採訪結束

我問他臺灣真的有機會

能擁有屬於自己的火箭嗎

他跟我說明年等著看他表現

語氣依舊透露出一股熱血男孩的氣息

看來即使他從工程服換上了西裝

但骨子裡那個

火箭阿伯的靈魂 並未散去

曾經看著火箭升空

然後一堆科學家抱在一起痛哭的畫面

離我們很遠

但或許現在我們真的能夠勇敢去幻想

甚至碰觸那個臺灣

無法觸及的遙遠未來

提到太空領域

其中一項產業鏈就是無人機

2016年是無人機開始崛起的時間點

而他成長的養分

來自於太空衛星的廣泛應用

尤其來自於中國深圳的大疆

號稱是無人機界的iPhone

全球市佔率超過7成

就連臺灣的政府機關

過去也是幾乎清一色的採用它

但是就在2020年

因為他涉及了資安跟國防疑慮

大疆被美國列入黑名單

同時也退出了俄羅斯跟烏克蘭的市場

於是這破兆元的無人機市場

或許是臺灣可以大展拳腳的新藍海

接下來我們將帶您深入剖析

臺灣的廠商能否抓住機會趁勢而起

有山有海 平原 組成的嘉義阿里山

日出照耀著阿里山

絢麗太陽緩緩升起

多達600架無人機在夜空中呈現出

臺灣知名的阿里山日出

現在所出現的圖形就是臺灣

旋轉同時不斷變換圖形

從3D立體的臺灣 到自轉中的地球

甚至還能在空中寫書法

臺灣無人機展演技術不斷進化

但研發團隊已經著手新突破

做完這些表演的技術的開發之後

我們現在進一步進到這個

比較屬於即時的一個演算跟運算

變化隊形

大規模無人機展演得精確掌握路線

難度雖然高

但能透過時間規劃來克服

下一步則是要結合AI演演算法

讓無人機蜂群及時自動變換隊形

好蜂群準備起飛 32

10架無人機同時起飛

好下一個動作好

從單純的陣列變成三角形

再呈現其他幾何形狀

未來這些商用無人機

不但能在空中對話溝通

甚至要主動下指令

應用層級也將從展眼

擴大到地毯式防衛搜尋

空中有一個主機讓他帶著100架僚機

他可以去指揮

這100架僚機本身要有些自主能力

然後要運算而且要互相溝通

然後跟避浪的這個東西會牽扯到

就是說呃我飛機的數量

在運算上面還有呃通訊的品質等等

那目前我們是先做到50架

那未來希望能夠再提升到100架

甚至更高

當有重大災害發生

無人機可在第一時間出動投放物資

或是到偏遠地區運送包裹

還能夠搭配網路裝置

協助災區恢復通訊

並取得高解析度影像用來災害應變

高雄氣爆的時候

那是第一次臺灣的無人機上場

他在短短的一天裡面

那麼就把整個高雄啊

很很很慘烈的這個災區的狀況

做很精細的啊這樣的拍攝

無人機應用層面不斷擴大

經濟部統計

2022年全球市場規模約304億美元

預估2026年將成長到413億美元

而根據2021年的市場調查

全球商用無人機

市佔率最高的還是中國大疆

高達五成以上

遠遠超過排名第二的美國品牌

不過隨著大疆遭到制裁

將是臺灣發展無人機最大機會

總部位在臺中的這家無人機廠商

是國家隊成員之一

三層樓的廠房

從無人機結構設計到組裝製造

都一手包辦

我們工程師正在設計的是我們在今年

預計今年度要

商品化的一個呃25公斤以下的直升機

那這個對我們來講

目前來講是一個祕密武器

我們現在就是要看一下那個電池

排列的方式

要怎麼排列會比較合適

可以從這個3D圖下去做判斷

外觀大小猶如小型登機箱

這是業者自行開發的地面操作站

從路線規劃到飛行設定功能完整

也能看到及時回傳畫面

主要就是看你的飛機的一些資料

然後還有規劃你航線

因為你要怎麼飛的話是你要從

這邊去設定

工作人員正在組裝的

是無人機關鍵零元件

主要用來控制馬達方向

光是這個小零件

來回就得測試至少10萬次

確保飛行品質穩定度

不過國內許多無人機廠商

現在還在中小企業起步階段

以這家業者來說團隊不到20人

但一臺無人機從無到有

開發成本就要上千萬

資本額才900萬

剛開始在公司成立前前三年的時候

那我們那時候

如果要把這些次系統都很

完整的整合起來

他要開發的成

本大概就是公司的一個資本了

臺灣內需市場小

少數政府採購案

已經是目前國內的最大裁員

要漢國際大廠競爭更是困難重重

業者只能不斷嘗試尋找外銷機會

才可能開啟國際市場

今天的臺灣新絲路感謝您收看

我們下次再會

Key Vocabulary

Vocabulary	Meanings
核融合 /xɤ˧˥ rʊŋ˧˥ xɤ˧˥/ C2	noun - nuclear fusion
碳排放 /tʰan˥ pʰaj˥ fɑŋ˥/ C2	noun - carbon emission
反應爐 /fan˥˧ ɪŋ˥˩ lu˥˧/ C1	noun - reactor
實驗室 /ʂɨ˥˧ jɛn˥˧ ʂɨ˥/ C1	noun - laboratory
效率 /ɕjɑʊ˥ li˥/ C1	noun - efficiency
太陽 /tʰaɪ˥˩ jɑŋ˧˥/ A2	noun - sun
光 /kwɑŋ˥/ A2	noun - light
熱 /ɻɤ˥˩/ A2	noun - heat
能源 /nɤŋ˧˥ yɥɛn˧˥/ B1	noun - energy source / energy
氫 /tɕʰiŋ˥/ B1	noun - hydrogen
燃料 /ɻæn˧˥ ljɑʊ˥/ B1	noun - fuel
電力 /tjɛn˥ li˧˥/ B1	noun - electric power
科學家 /kʰɤ˧˥ ɕy̯e˥ tɕja˥/ B1	noun - scientist
技術 /tɕi˥ ʂɨ˥/ B1	noun - technology / technique
激光 /tɕi˥ kwɑŋ˥/ B2	noun - laser
磁場 /tsʰɨ˥ tʂɑŋ˥/ B2	noun - magnetic field
挑戰 /tʰjɑʊ˧˥ ʈʂan˥/ B2	noun - challenge
目標 /mu˧˥ pjɑʊ˥/ B2	noun - goal / target

Key Grammar Structures

• 不但有可能實現，速度還必須要加快。

  ➔ not only... but also

  ➔ The word ""不但"" introduces the first element of a correlative conjunction meaning “not only”, while ""還"" adds the second element “but also”.

• 只要一耐秒也就是1/100,000秒就能完成一次核融合反應。

  ➔ as long as... then...

  ➔ The adverb ""只要"" sets a condition meaning “as long as”, and ""就"" indicates the result that follows.

• 如果要把它點燃以後，它就自己產生能量。

  ➔ if... then...

  ➔ "如果" introduces a conditional clause; "就" signals the consequent that happens automatically.

• 除了厚達40公分的水泥牆，還打造5公分厚的鉛門。

  ➔ apart from... also...

  ➔ "除了" lists an item that is excluded, while "還" adds another item, showing enumeration.

• 因為核融合只會產生低階核廢料，被視為能源聖盃。

  ➔ because... (passive voice)

  ➔ "因為" gives the reason, and the verb "被視為" is a passive construction meaning “is regarded as”.

• 核融合反應不是沒成功過，而是一直有瓶頸需要突破。

  ➔ not... but rather...

  ➔ "不是" negates the first clause, while "而是" introduces the correct alternative.

• 要想辦法減少耗能，還得讓核融合不斷持續。

  ➔ also have to (modal)

  ➔ "還得" adds an additional obligation, similar to “also have to”.

• 只要一小杯燃料，就可以為一間房子供電長達數百年。

  ➔ as long as... then...

  ➔ "只要" sets a sufficient condition, and "就" marks the consequent result.

• 雖然核融合仍在研發階段，然而已取得突破。

  ➔ although... however...

  ➔ "雖然" introduces a concession, and "然而" presents a contrasting fact.