6 Minute English.
00:01
From BBC Learning English.
00:02
Hello, I'm Rob. Welcome to 6 Minute
English. With me in the studio is Neil.
00:05
— Hello, Neil.
— Hello, Rob.
00:10
And in this programme
we're talking about tourism,
00:11
but in a very special place — Antarctica.
00:15
It's considered the last great wilderness
on Earth.
00:18
'Wilderness' means
'an area with no people and no agriculture
00:20
'because of the difficult
living conditions'.
00:24
Yes, in Antarctica there are only
research stations with scientists
00:27
and a few tourists.
00:30
Well, not so few — about 37,000 tourists
are expected there this season.
00:32
Many don't go ashore, but there's no
denying that it disturbs the environment.
00:38
— That many?
— Yes.
00:42
We're asking if it's fair for tourists
'to set foot' — it means 'to go to' —
00:44
such a sensitive environment.
00:48
We'll also use some vocabulary
related to Antarctica.
00:50
By the way, Neil, do you know a lot
about the South Pole?
00:53
I've been reading that the 'ice caps' —
00:57
these are 'the thick layers of ice
00:59
'permanently covering a vast area of land
in the Arctic and Antarctic' —
01:01
are melting, due to global warming.
01:05
Yes, and 'global warming'
is 'the increase in world temperatures
01:07
'due to the presence
of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere'.
01:11
This gas and some others
01:14
have been stopping heat from the Earth
escaping into space.
01:15
You know what, Rob? I would like to visit
Antarctica before it melts too much.
01:19
I want to see the penguins.
They're very amusing animals!
01:23
They are, yes. But penguins aside, what
large resource can be found in Antarctica?
01:26
That's my question for you today.
01:32
Is Antarctica
a) The world's largest coal field?
01:34
b) The world's largest gold source?
c) The world's largest diamond source?
01:38
I'm gonna have a guess,
cos I don't know, that it's coal, a).
01:45
Coal. Right, OK.
01:51
Well, as usual, we'll give you the answer
at the end of the programme.
01:53
Well, I love travelling, but I wonder
01:57
how that very sensitive environment
in Antarctica is going to be preserved.
01:59
That's why BBC reporter Juliet Rix's visit
to Antarctica caught my attention.
02:04
I bet she's asking the same question
as you, Rob.
02:09
Yes, she is. Listen to what she has to say
about the need
02:11
to have some level of tourism
in the Antarctic.
02:15
What word does she use to describe
people who defend a cause —
02:18
in this case,
the preservation of the region?
02:22
I'm all too aware
that this is not my habitat.
02:26
Like a scuba diver under the sea, I'm
an alien visitor in the penguins' world.
02:29
Which makes me wonder,
should I be here at all?
02:34
Am I, just by setting foot
on this extraordinary continent,
02:37
polluting the last great wilderness
on Earth?
02:40
All visitors leave a footprint,
admits my tour leader.
02:43
And we all go to the same places,
the accessible coastline,
02:46
which is also where the penguins
and seals go to breed.
02:50
Nonetheless, he argues,
02:53
carefully controlled,
tourism is not just OK but useful.
02:55
Without a native population of its own,
Antarctica needs advocates.
02:59
And tourism creates a global constituency
03:03
of people ready to support,
and indeed fund, its preservation.
03:06
Not everyone is convinced
that the benefits outweigh the risks,
03:10
but most are pragmatic.
03:14
The reporter uses the word 'advocates' —
03:16
that's what we call
'people who defend a cause or an idea'.
03:19
Juliet Rix's tour guide told her it's good
that some people go to Antarctica
03:23
and then, when they go back to
their countries, they defend conservation
03:27
and give money to organisations which work
for the preservation of the environment.
03:31
Some people might not agree because,
if there are some companies making profit,
03:36
it might be difficult to prevent
an increase in tourism to Antarctica.
03:40
And what control do they have
over the tourists?
03:44
Juliet Rix tells us about the instructions
given to her group,
03:48
when they approached Antarctica.
03:52
She says that tourists must clean
their clothes with a vacuum cleaner,
03:54
before they leave the ship to go on land.
But why?
03:57
We're given a mandatory briefing
before gathering for a “vacuum party”.
04:02
We bio secure ourselves,
04:07
hoovering our clothes and kit
and disinfecting our boots,
04:09
to ensure we introduce
no alien species to Antarctica.
04:12
There's no eating or smoking on land,
and we're instructed to take nothing away,
04:15
except photographs,
and leave nothing behind,
04:20
not even a bit of yellow snow,
so don't drink too much at breakfast!
04:23
The BBC reporter tells us that the group
of tourists has to disinfect their boots.
04:29
'Disinfect' means
'to clean something using chemicals'
04:34
or, in this case,
vacuum to kill or remove bacteria.
04:37
This is to avoid the risk
of contaminating the region.
04:41
And to go to the toilet before leaving
the ship. The ice is not your toilet!
04:44
No, it isn't. The penguins
have exclusive rights on that!
04:49
But what do you think
about visiting Antarctica, Rob?
04:53
Are you keen
on paying the penguins a visit?
04:55
Absolutely, I would love to go there.
How about you, Neil?
04:58
Yeah. I'd like to go because, as I said,
it's all about the penguins.
05:00
Well, let's stop dreaming
about exotic trips
05:04
and go back to the question I asked you
earlier in the programme —
05:06
what large resource
can be found in Antarctica?
05:09
Is it the world's largest coal field?
05:13
The world's largest gold source
or the world's largest diamond source?
05:15
And I said coal.
05:19
And you are indeed correct. Well done!
05:21
And now, no-one's able to mine the coal,
because the Antarctic Treaty
05:23
has banned the exploitation of resources
for 50 years.
05:28
What happens after that, who knows?
05:31
Anyway, we're running out of time,
05:33
so let's remember some of the words
we said today, Neil.
05:35
The words were wilderness,
05:39
to set foot,
05:43
ice caps,
05:46
global warming,
05:48
advocates,
05:51
to disinfect.
05:54
Thank you.
05:56
Well, that's it for today.
05:58
Go to BBC Learning English dot com to
find more 6 Minute English programmes.
05:59
— Until next time, goodbye!
— Bye!
06:04
6 Minute English.
06:07
From BBC Learning English.
06:09
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English.
I'm Alice.
06:12
And I'm Neil.
06:15
So, Neil, what's the best holiday
you've ever had?
06:16
Ooh, that would be scuba diving
06:20
on the Great Barrier Reef
off the coast of Australia.
06:22
— Ooh!
— It was awesome!
06:25
I saw sharks, sea turtles, manta rays.
06:26
I certainly don't like the idea
of coming nose to nose with a shark!
06:30
But then diving isn't really my thing.
06:33
I'm more into cultural holidays —
06:36
you know, visiting the ruins
of ancient civilisations.
06:38
That's very worthy, Alice.
06:41
But tourists are actually damaging
06:43
a number of important sites
around the world —
06:45
tramping around, dropping litter,
scribbling graffiti everywhere.
06:47
I would never drop litter
or scribble graffiti!
06:51
Well, we're talking about
world heritage sites today,
06:54
which are places UNESCO
considers to be at risk
06:57
from various threats
and in need of protection.
07:00
'Heritage' means 'the things a society
considers important
07:03
'to its history and culture',
for example, art, buildings,
07:07
or natural sites such as the Grand Canyon
in the United States.
07:11
Mm, and the environment
poses a number of different threats.
07:14
So, Neil, can you tell me
which sea creature
07:18
is a potential threat
to the Great Barrier Reef's ecosystem?
07:21
Is it a) Starfish?
07:25
b) Jellyfish? Or c) Cuttlefish?
07:28
Hm, I will go for b) Jellyfish.
07:32
I'm no expert on marine life,
07:37
but I have eaten jellyfish
and I haven't eaten the other ones.
07:38
Oh, I see. Well, we'll find out later on
if you're an expert or not.
07:41
But let's listen now to BBC reporter
Roger Harrabin
07:46
talking about other types of threat
to heritage sites.
07:49
See how many you can spot!
07:52
The most precious wonders of the natural
world — Australia's Great Barrier Reef,
07:56
America's spectacular Grand Canyon,
08:01
the Barrier Reef of Belize in South
America, second biggest on Earth —
08:05
all facing threats from humans.
08:09
The Great Barrier Reef
is attracting urgent concern.
08:12
There's a huge battle
over mining and port development.
08:16
A giant coalmine has just been given the
go-ahead by the Queensland government,
08:19
even though scientists warn
it may damage the Reef.
08:24
That's the BBC's Roger Harrabin.
08:28
Well, I spotted a couple of threats
to heritage sites there —
08:30
mining and port development.
08:33
Now, any type of industrial activity
can harm them by, for example,
08:36
encroaching on the natural habitat
of animals and plants living there,
08:40
or by polluting the water
that flows into the site.
08:44
Mm. 'Mining' is 'the process of extracting
coal or other minerals from the ground',
08:47
and if you 'encroach on something', it
means you 'move beyond acceptable limits'.
08:52
The interesting thing
is that world heritage sites
08:58
only constitute 0.5%
of the Earth's surface —
09:00
so why can't people do their mining
and industrial development
09:04
on the remaining 99.5%?!
09:07
But there's one human industry
09:11
that can actually be beneficial
for precious sites — tourism.
09:12
But you said earlier that tourism
was bad for heritage sites.
09:16
I know. And I was right, up to a point.
09:20
World heritage sites
are some of tourism's main attractions,
09:24
and more and more people
are visiting them.
09:27
So it's all about
getting the balance right
09:30
between generating money
to maintain and restore the sites
09:32
and minimising the impact
of tourist activities.
09:35
— Mm, such as littering and graffiti.
— Exactly.
09:39
And the term for this
is 'sustainable tourism' —
09:42
or 'tourism designed to have a low impact
on the local culture and the environment,
09:45
'while generating employment
for local people'.
09:49
So UNESCO is working to direct
governments, site managers and visitors
09:52
towards sustainable tourism practices
09:57
in order to keep our world's
natural and cultural heritage
09:59
safe for future generations.
10:02
Wow, you can really talk the talk, Alice.
You should work for UNESCO!
10:03
OK, let's move on now,
and listen to Paul Crocombe,
10:08
of the Snorkelling and Diving Company
in Townsville, Queensland, Australia,
10:11
giving his view on
how the Great Barrier Reef
10:15
will cope with threats to its survival.
10:18
The Reef's fairly dynamic,
it's been through a couple of Ice Ages,
10:22
and is still here,
so its resilience will ensure
10:24
that the Reef is still here
in years to come.
10:29
But the species diversity and the,
the visual aesthetics of the Reef
10:31
may change quite considerably, especially
if we get an increase in sea temperature,
10:35
an increase in carbon dioxide
in the water, and things like that.
10:40
Paul Crocombe describes the Reef
as 'dynamic' and 'resilient'.
10:42
'Dynamic' means
'active or capable of changing'
10:47
and 'resilience' means 'the ability
to recover or adapt to change' —
10:49
which all sounds good.
10:54
But Paul also says
that the 'species diversity' —
10:55
'the range of plants and animals' —
may change.
10:58
For example, a rise in sea temperature
11:01
would cause a rise
in carbon dioxide levels —
11:04
and this could have a big impact
on both the species diversity
11:06
and the Reef's 'visual aesthetic' —
or 'the way it looks'.
11:10
OK, I think it's time now for the answer
to today's quiz question, Alice.
11:14
Yes, I think so too.
11:18
OK, so, I asked you which sea creature
11:19
poses a potential threat
to the Great Barrier Reef's ecosystem?
11:22
Is it a type of a) Starfish?
11:26
b) Jellyfish? Or c) Cuttlefish?
11:30
And I said b) Jellyfish.
11:33
Mm, and you got stung, I'm afraid, Neil!
11:35
— Ow!
— Mm.
11:38
The answer is starfish.
11:39
The crown-of-thorns starfish
preys on coral
11:42
and large outbreaks of these starfish
can devastate reefs.
11:45
Now, can you remind us
of some of today's vocabulary, Neil?
11:48
Sure.
11:52
Heritage,
11:53
encroach on something,
11:54
sustainable tourism,
11:56
dynamic,
11:58
resilience,
11:59
species diversity,
12:01
visual aesthetic.
12:03
Well, that's the end
of today's 6 Minute English.
12:05
Don't forget to join us again soon!
12:07
— Bye!
— Goodbye!
12:09
6 Minute English.
12:11
From BBC Learning English.
12:13
Hello. This is 6 Minute English
from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.
12:16
And I'm Beth.
12:20
Nowadays, the word 'safari'
is often used negatively.
12:22
For many people, the idea of killing
animals for sport is unacceptable.
12:27
As the popularity of hunting declines,
12:31
safaris are swapping their guns
for cameras,
12:34
offering tourists the chance to photograph
wild animals in their natural habitat.
12:37
In recent years, nature and wildlife
tourism, also called 'ecotourism',
12:42
has grown massively.
12:47
But the story is complex.
12:49
While money from ecotourism
is supposed to support threatened wildlife
12:51
and traditional local cultures,
the reality is sometimes different.
12:55
In this programme, we'll be asking
is ecotourism good or bad?
13:00
And, as usual, we'll be learning
some useful new vocabulary as well.
13:05
But first, I have a question for you,
Beth.
13:09
Most tourists on safari
are looking for 'the big five',
13:11
the name given to
Africa's most iconic large animals.
13:15
But which animals are 'the big five'?
13:19
a) The lion, leopard, giraffe,
baboon and buffalo?
13:22
b) The lion, leopard, tiger,
elephant and buffalo?
13:27
Or c) The lion, leopard, rhinoceros,
elephant and buffalo?
13:31
I guess it's a) The lion, leopard,
giraffe, baboon and buffalo.
13:36
I'll reveal the answer
at the end of the programme.
13:41
The balance between the good
and bad things ecotourism can bring
13:45
is well understood by Vicky Smith,
whose website, Earth Changers,
13:49
matches ecotourists with
environmentally-friendly travel companies.
13:53
Here's Vicky talking with BBC Radio 4
programme Costing the Earth.
13:58
Just because tourism is nature-based,
14:02
it doesn't mean to say it's necessarily
responsible or sustainable.
14:05
So, there's a lot of animal activities in
tourism that we know which are, you know,
14:08
highly irresponsible and unsustainable,
like performing whale and dolphin shows,
14:12
or swimming with dolphins,
elephant-riding,
14:18
tiger selfies
where the tigers are drugged.
14:20
Genuine ecotourism is 'sustainable' —
14:23
'designed to continue at a steady level
which does not damage the environment'.
14:26
Not every travel company which calls
themselves eco-friendly acts sustainably,
14:31
and may still advertise
irresponsible tourist activities,
14:37
including 'tiger selfies' — 'having your
photo taken with a captive wild tiger'.
14:41
There are two requirements
travel companies should meet
14:47
to qualify as genuine ecotourism.
14:49
First, tourists' main motivation
14:53
should be to appreciate and observe
the natural world without interfering,
14:55
and second, the money they spend
should support traditional communities.
15:00
Clearly, having your photograph taken
with a chained and drugged tiger
15:05
does not meet these requirements.
15:08
But not all companies claiming to be
ecotourism behave so irresponsibly.
15:11
According to Antonia Bolingbroke-Kent,
who runs small-scale wildlife expeditions
15:17
to some of the most remote places
on Earth,
15:23
it's possible to put travel companies
on a sliding scale from good to bad.
15:26
On BBC Radio 4's programme
Costing the Earth,
15:31
Antonia discussed her work in Tajikistan,
a country where ecotourism
15:35
is making a positive impact
on both animal and human communities.
15:40
At the other end of the scale
is Tajikistan, where I work a lot,
15:45
which gets less than two dozen
wildlife tourists a year,
15:49
and the money these visitors bring
15:52
is essential to the conservation work
that grassroots NGOs are doing.
15:54
So those few tourists,
their money goes a very long way
15:58
and the animals people are looking at —
snow leopards,
16:02
rare mountain ungulates
like Bukharan markhor —
16:04
they are being observed from a distance,
16:07
their behaviour is not being affected
in any way,
16:09
and the local communities
are genuinely benefiting.
16:12
Antonia uses the phrase
'at the other end of the scale'
16:15
as a way of contrasting
irresponsible tourist companies
16:19
with what's happening in Tajikistan.
16:23
There, animals including snow leopards
and mountain ungulates,
16:26
are being protected by ecotourist projects
16:30
run by 'non-governmental organisations'
or 'NGOs' —
16:33
'organisations trying to
achieve environmental or social aims,
16:38
'outside of government control'.
16:43
These NGOs are 'grassroots' organisations
meaning that they are
16:45
'run from the bottom up,
by ordinary people rather than leaders'.
16:49
Despite getting very few ecotourists
a year,
16:53
the money they spend in Tajikistan
'goes a long way'.
16:56
In other words, 'the money is an important
factor in achieving their goals',
17:00
which in Tajikistan at least,
means protecting rare wild animals.
17:04
OK, it's time to reveal the answer
to my question.
17:09
You asked me about 'the big five', the
name for Africa's iconic safari animals.
17:12
I guessed they were the lion, leopard,
giraffe, baboon and buffalo.
17:17
You guessed right
about the lion, leopard, and buffalo,
17:22
but the others
were the rhinoceros and the elephant.
17:25
OK, let's recap
the vocabulary we've learned
17:28
from this programme about 'ecotourism' —
17:31
'travel to places of natural beauty
where the tourists' motivation
17:34
'is to appreciate nature
and support the local culture'.
17:38
The adjective 'sustainable'
17:42
describes 'actions designed
to continue at a steady level,
17:44
'so as not to damage the environment'.
17:48
A 'tiger selfie' means 'having your photo
taken with a captive wild tiger',
17:50
not something to be advised!
17:55
The phrase 'at the other end of the scale'
17:57
is similar in meaning
to the phrase, 'by contrast'.
17:59
A 'grassroots NGO'
is 'a non-governmental organisation
18:02
'which tries to achieve its aims
18:06
'through the actions of local,
ordinary people rather than leaders'.
18:08
And finally, if something
'goes a long way' towards a certain goal,
18:12
it's 'an important factor'
in achieving that goal.
18:16
Once again, our six minutes are up.
18:19
— Goodbye for now!
— Bye!
18:22
6 Minute English.
18:24
From BBC Learning English.
18:26
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English.
I'm Alice.
18:29
And I'm Neil.
Did you have a good weekend, Alice?
18:32
Yes, but it 'flew by' —
which means it 'went quickly' —
18:34
and here we are again, back at work!
18:37
Ah, I know what you mean.
18:40
Though I must say, time really 'dragged'
for me — and that means it 'went slowly'.
18:41
— I was on a train, which broke down.
— Oh, dear!
18:45
And it felt like it took
forever to arrive,
18:48
though actually it was only delayed
by one hour.
18:50
Well, today we're talking about
our 'perception' of —
18:53
or 'the way we see' — time.
18:56
It's true that when we're busy
doing lots of things, time flies by.
18:58
And when we're bored
or have nothing to do, it drags.
19:02
And I didn't have anything to do
on the train.
19:06
Do you think time flows at the same rate
for everyone, even animals?
19:08
My cat doesn't get bored
doing nothing all day.
19:12
I wonder if time drags for her sometimes?
19:15
Good question!
19:17
Did you know, Neil,
that, according to a new study,
19:19
smaller animals perceive time
as if it is passing in slow motion?
19:21
That sounds weird.
19:26
Do you think they hear us like this,
taaalking slowwwly?
19:28
Don't be silly, Neil!
19:38
What I meant was that small animals
such as insects and small birds
19:40
can observe more detail
in a certain period of time —
19:45
for example, a second —
than larger animals.
19:48
And how does this help them, exactly?
19:51
It sounds like the day would really drag
19:53
if every second
got stretched out like that!
19:56
It helps them by giving them time
to escape larger predators.
19:59
Now, I have a question for you, Neil.
20:03
Can you tell me roughly
how much more quickly
20:06
a fly's eye can react than a human eye?
20:09
Is it a) Twice as quickly? b) Four times
as quickly? Or c) Ten times as quickly?
20:13
Well, I'll go for c) Ten times.
20:20
Flies are pretty 'nippy' —
and that's another word for 'quick'.
20:22
Yes. Well, we'll find out later on
if you got the answer right or not.
20:25
Now, small animals can typically process
more visual information than we can.
20:30
But in a dangerous situation,
20:35
our brains can work in overdrive
to process information more quickly.
20:37
And 'overdrive'
means 'a state of extreme activity'.
20:41
Let's listen to Raza Rumi,
a writer and broadcaster in Pakistan,
20:45
talking about the unusual way
his brain worked
20:50
when gunmen opened fire on him
in his car.
20:52
It lasted for a few minutes,
20:56
but to me that particular incident
feels like it was for hours.
20:58
I think my brain was working
in a very strange way.
21:04
Parallel and multiple thoughts
21:07
and streams of consciousness
were sort of running along —
21:10
"I have to save my head, because
if I get a bullet in my brain, I'm dead.'
21:15
And at the same time,
"Was it all worth it?"
21:20
And, "Alas, what a short life it was,
it was lovely."
21:24
I was petrified that I am going to die.
21:27
Raza Rumi there.
21:31
So, he was 'petrified' by the attack —
which means 'extremely frightened'.
21:32
As a result, his brain started working
in a strange way.
21:37
He was thinking and feeling
lots of different things at the same time.
21:41
That's right, he remembers
thinking practical thoughts,
21:44
like, "I have to save my head".
21:47
But 'in parallel' —
or 'at the same time' —
21:49
he also remembers
having philosophical thoughts,
21:52
such as, "What a short life it was,
it was lovely".
21:54
Mm. Have you ever been
in a dangerous situation
21:57
where your brain went into overdrive?
22:00
Yeah, I was ten years old and I fell
backwards out of a big tree in our garden.
22:02
— Oh, no!
— Yeah.
22:06
I have a vivid memory
of the sun flashing above me,
22:08
and the clouds moving across the sky and
the leaves rustling in the tree above me.
22:11
My mum was screaming through
the kitchen window as she saw me fall.
22:15
I experienced so much in the space
of just a few seconds,
22:19
just like Raza Rumi describes.
22:23
Yes. A 'vivid' memory, by the way,
is 'clear and detailed'.
22:25
Oh, poor Neil! Did you hurt yourself?
22:28
Some big bruises, but no broken bones.
22:30
Glad to hear it!
22:33
Now, it's a strange trick of memory
that, in a scary situation,
22:34
your brain starts to record everything
in great detail
22:38
and the more memory you have of an event,
the longer you believe it took.
22:42
This idea explains why children
often feel that time is passing slowly,
22:47
because their experiences are new, and
they are creating lots of new memories.
22:51
Whereas boring grown-ups like us
are following routines
22:55
that don't require new memories,
because they're so familiar.
22:59
But let's listen to Claudia Hammond,
author of Time Warped,
23:02
talking about how we can stretch time and
make our days feel longer — in a good way!
23:06
If you can spend your weekend filling it
with loads of new different activities,
23:11
it'll go fast, at the time,
because you're having fun.
23:16
But when you look back,
say, on Sunday night,
23:18
and you've got to go to work next day,
23:20
it will feel as if your weekend was long,
because you filled it with new memories.
23:22
We should do that this weekend, Neil.
What do you think?
23:26
Definitely. I'm going to buzz around like
a fly, creating loads of new memories.
23:29
Now, are you ready for the answer
to today's quiz question?
23:33
I asked roughly how much more quickly
a fly's eye can react than a human eye?
23:37
Is it a) Twice as quickly? b) Four times
as quickly? Or c) Ten times as quickly?
23:43
And I said c) Ten times as quickly.
23:49
The correct answer
is b) Four times as quickly.
23:52
Flies have eyes
that send updates to the brain
23:56
at much higher frequencies than our eyes,
23:59
because they can process
the information more quickly.
24:01
This speed illustrates
the impressive capabilities
24:04
of even the smallest animal brains.
24:07
Well, before we buzz off, perhaps we
should hear the words we learned today.
24:09
They are flew by,
24:13
dragged,
24:15
perception,
24:16
nippy,
24:17
overdrive,
24:18
petrified,
24:20
in parallel.
24:21
Well, that's the end of today's 6 Minute
English. Remember to join us again soon!
24:22
— Goodbye!
— Bye!
24:26
6 Minute English.
24:28
From BBC Learning English.
24:30
Hello. This is 6 Minute English
from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.
24:33
And I'm Georgie.
24:37
Now, if I told you I'd been for a walk
to see Big Ben and Buckingham Palace,
24:39
you'd know straight away I was in London.
24:44
But what if my walk went past cafes
selling mozzarella and ricotta
24:47
where I smelled freshly made cannolis
and focaccia. Where would I be then?
24:52
Focaccia and mozzarella,
well, you'd be in Italy, right?
24:57
Yes, Italy, or 'Little Italy',
to be exact —
25:01
'the neighbourhood in some cities
25:05
'where Italian communities
settled and made their home'.
25:07
These Italian arrivals
opened shops and cafes,
25:11
selling food to their own communities.
25:14
Soon, dishes like spaghetti and meatballs
attracted the attention of local people,
25:17
and gradually Italian food
became famous around the world.
25:21
In this programme, we'll be taking a walk
through two Little Italys,
25:26
one in Argentina, the other in New York,
25:29
and, as usual, we'll be learning
some useful new vocabulary as well.
25:32
But before that,
I have a question for you, Georgie.
25:36
According to a recent YouGov poll,
25:40
which Italian food
is most popular with British diners?
25:42
Is it a) Pizza? b) Lasagne?
Or c) Garlic bread?
25:46
I think it must be pizza.
25:51
OK, Georgie, I'll reveal the answer
at the end of the programme.
25:53
One country Italians moved to
was Argentina.
25:58
In 1898, Giuseppe Banchero
arrived in the neighbourhood of La Boca,
26:01
the Little Italy of Buenos Aires,
26:06
where many Italian immigrants
started restaurants.
26:08
Here, Hugo Banchero, grandson of Giuseppe,
tells his story to Veronica Smink,
26:12
reporter for BBC World Service programme
The Food Chain.
26:18
Well, my grandfather came from Italy,
from Genoa, from Liguria.
26:22
He was born in the centre of Genoa
26:29
and arrived here in 1898,
at the age of seven and a half,
26:32
and this pizzeria where we are
was founded on March 28, 1972.
26:38
We have been here for 91 years.
26:45
So what culinary traditions
did they bring with them?
26:49
Well, our culinary tradition is pizzeria,
26:53
and we incorporated the faina from Genoa,
26:57
which is a pizza with chickpea flour.
27:01
In 1898, Giuseppe founded his 'pizzeria' —
'a restaurant selling pizza'.
27:06
When a business is 'founded',
27:11
it's 'established' —
someone 'starts it up' or 'sets it up'.
27:13
Giuseppe brought the culinary traditions
27:17
from his home in Liguria
in northern Italy,
27:19
including regional pizzas
like faina and fugazzeta.
27:22
The adjective 'culinary' describes
'anything connected with cooking'.
27:26
But probably the best-known
Little Italy in the world
27:30
is an area of Manhattan's Lower East side
in New York.
27:32
90% of Italian immigrants who arrived
in the US at the turn of the century
27:37
came through this neighbourhood.
27:41
Di Palo's, one of the original shops
selling Italian food in Little Italy,
27:43
has been serving customers for 113 years.
27:48
Here, Lou Di Palo, co-owner
27:52
and great-grandson of the original owner,
Salvino,
27:53
explains more about his family history
27:57
to BBC World Service programme
The Food Chain.
27:59
1925, when my grandmother, Concetta,
and my grandfather, Luigi, got married,
28:03
they open their own shop.
28:09
It's the shop we continue today,
28:11
being the fourth generation working
alongside my sister, Maria,
28:13
and my brother, Sal, and our children,
the fifth generation.
28:16
Our business has expanded,
28:21
expanded to represent the full
food culture of the 20 regions of Italy.
28:22
Little Italy is the stepping stone
of the Italian immigrant.
28:27
This is where many of the Italians
first came through Ellis Island,
28:31
and then settled here, and then
eventually moved into mainstream America,
28:36
throughout the rest of the country.
28:41
Lou Di Palo is the fourth generation
of his family to run the shop,
28:44
and his children will be the fifth.
28:47
Phrases like 'fourth or fifth generation'
describe 'the children of people
28:50
'whose parents immigrated
to a particular country'.
28:53
After arriving in New York,
28:57
many Italian immigrants moved on
to start successful new lives elsewhere.
28:58
That's why Lou calls Little Italy
'a stepping stone',
29:03
'an experience that helps you
achieve something else',
29:06
like a real stepping stone
helps you cross a river.
29:09
As a result, Italian newcomers
became accepted in mainstream America,
29:13
'mainstream' meaning
'the culture and customs
29:18
'viewed as normal by most Americans'.
29:20
It seems we owe a lot to Little Italy.
29:23
But we still don't know which food
is most popular here in the UK.
29:25
Isn't it time to reveal the answer
to your question, Neil?
29:29
Right. I asked you which Italian food
29:32
is most popular in Britain and you said
pizza, which would be my guess too,
29:34
but is the wrong answer, I'm afraid!
29:39
In fact, the top choice for Italian food
fans here in the UK is garlic bread.
29:42
Right, let's recap the vocabulary
29:47
we've learned from this programme
on Little Italy,
29:49
starting with 'pizzeria' —
'a restaurant that sells pizza'.
29:51
If something is 'founded',
it's 'started or established'.
29:55
The adjective 'culinary' describes
'anything connected with cooking'.
29:59
Phrases like 'fourth or fifth generation'
describe 'the children of people
30:03
'whose parents immigrated
to a particular country'.
30:07
A 'stepping stone'
30:10
is 'an event or experience that helps you
advance or achieve something new'.
30:11
And finally, the adjective 'mainstream'
30:16
describes 'the customs and culture
30:18
'which are accepted as normal
by most people in a society'.
30:20
Once again our six minutes are up.
30:24
Until the next time,
here at 6 Minute English, it's ciao!
30:26
Ciao!
30:30
6 Minute English.
30:31
From BBC Learning English.
30:33
歌词与翻译
[中文]
6 分钟英语。
来自 BBC 英语学习。
你好，我是罗布。欢迎收看 6 分钟
英语。尼尔和我一起在录音室。
— 你好，尼尔。
— 你好，罗布。
在这个程序中
我们正在谈论旅游业，
，但在一个非常特别的地方——南极洲。
这里被认为是最后的大荒野
在地球上。
“荒野”的意思
“一个没有人、没有农业的地区
”因为困难
生活条件”。
是的，在南极洲只有
研究站有科学家
和一些游客。
嗯，数量也不少——大约 37,000 名游客
预计本赛季将在那里。
许多人没有上岸，但没有
否认它扰乱环境。
— 那么多？
- 是的。
我们询问这对游客是否公平
“踏足”——意思是“去”——
这样一个敏感的环境。
我们还将使用一些词汇
与南极洲有关。
顺便说一句，尼尔，你知道很多吗
关于南极？
我一直在读到“冰盖” —
这些是“厚厚的冰层
”永久覆盖了大片土地
在北极和南极地区' — 由于全球变暖，
正在融化。
是的，还有“全球变暖”
是由于存在而导致“世界温度
上升”
大气中的二氧化碳”。
这种气体和其他一些
一直在阻止来自地球的热量
逃入太空。
你知道吗，罗布？我想去参观
南极洲在融化太多之前。
我想看企鹅。
它们是非常有趣的动物！
是的，他们是。但除了企鹅之外，还有什么
南极洲能找到大量资源吗？
这就是我今天要问你的问题。
是南极洲
a) 世界上最大的煤田？
b) 世界上最大的黄金来源？
c) 世界上最大的钻石产地？
我猜一下，
因为我不知道，它是煤，a)。
煤炭。对，好的。
那么，像往常一样，我们会给您答案
在节目结束时。
嗯，我喜欢旅行，但我想知道
那个非常敏感的环境如何
南极洲将被保存下来。
这就是 BBC 记者 Juliet Rix 来访的原因
南极洲引起了我的注意。
我打赌她也在问同样的问题
就像你一样，罗布。
是的，她是。听听她怎么说
关于需要
进行一定程度的旅游业
在南极洲。
她用什么词来形容
捍卫一项事业的人 — 在本例中是
，
保护该地区？
我太清楚了
这不是我的栖息地。
就像海底的潜水员一样，我
企鹅世界的外星访客。
这让我想知道，
我到底应该在这儿吗？
我是不是只要踏上脚步
在这片非凡的大陆上，
污染了最后的大荒野
在地球上？
所有访客都会留下足迹，
我的导游承认了。
我们都去同一个地方，
可到达的海岸线，
，这也是企鹅的栖息地
海豹去繁殖。
尽管如此，他认为，
小心控制，
旅游业不仅可以，而且很有用。
如果没有自己的原住民，
南极洲需要倡导者。
旅游业创造了
全球支持者，准备支持，
确实是基金，它的保存。
并非所有人都相信
好处大于风险，
但大多数都是务实的。
记者使用“倡导者”一词 —
这就是我们所说的
“捍卫某种事业或想法的人”。
Juliet Rix 的导游告诉她这很好
有些人去了南极洲
，然后当他们回到
他们的国家，他们捍卫保护
，并向开展工作的组织捐款
为了保护环境。
有些人可能不同意，因为，
如果有一些公司盈利，
可能很难阻止
南极洲旅游业的增长。
他们有什么控制权
超过游客？
Juliet Rix 向我们讲述说明
当她的小组
接近南极洲时，将其交给了他们。
她说游客必须清洁
在离开船前往陆地之前，他们用吸尘器清理衣服，
。
但为什么？
我们收到了强制性简报
在聚会参加“真空派对”之前。
我们通过生物安全保护自己，
用吸尘器清理我们的衣服和装备
并对我们的靴子进行消毒，
以确保我们引入
南极洲没有外来物种。
陆地上禁止饮食或吸烟，
我们被指示不要带走任何东西，
除了照片，
不留下任何东西，
甚至连一点黄雪都没有，
所以早餐时不要喝太多！
BBC 记者告诉我们，该组织
的游客必须对靴子进行消毒。
“消毒”是指
“使用化学品清洁某些东西”
，或者在本例中，
真空杀死或去除细菌。
这是为了规避风险
污染该地区。
离开前去趟厕所
船。冰不是你的厕所！
不，不是。企鹅们
对此拥有独家权利！
但是你觉得怎么样
关于参观南极洲，罗布？
你热衷吗
拜访企鹅？
当然，我很想去那里。
你呢，尼尔？
是的。我想去是因为，正如我所说，
这都是关于企鹅的。
好吧，让我们停止做梦吧
关于异国旅行
，然后回到我问你的问题
节目前面的内容 —
多大的资源
在南极洲可以找到吗？
这是世界上最大的煤田吗？
世界上最大的黄金来源
还是世界上最大的钻石产地？
我说的是煤炭。
你确实是对的。干得好！
现在，没有人能够开采煤炭，
因为南极条约
禁止资源开发
50年。
之后会发生什么，谁知道呢？
无论如何，我们的时间不多了，
所以让我们记住一些单词
我们今天说过，尼尔。
这些词是荒野、
踏足、
冰盖、
全球变暖、
倡导者、
消毒。
谢谢。
好了，今天就到此为止。
转至 BBC Learning English .com
查找更多 6 分钟英语节目。
— 下次再见，再见！
- 再见！
6 分钟英语。
来自 BBC 学习英语。
大家好，欢迎来到 6 分钟英语。
我是爱丽丝。
我是尼尔。
那么，尼尔，什么是最好的假期
你有过吗？
哦，那是在大堡礁潜水
澳大利亚海岸附近。
— 哦！
— 太棒了！
我看到了鲨鱼、海龟、蝠鲼。
我当然不喜欢这个主意
与鲨鱼面对面！
但是潜水并不是我的专长。
我更喜欢文化节日 —
你知道，参观废墟
的古代文明。
这非常值得，爱丽丝。
但游客实际上正在破坏
一些重要的景点
世界各地 —
到处乱扔垃圾，
到处乱涂乱画。
我绝不会乱扔垃圾
或者乱涂乱画！
好吧，我们正在谈论
今天的世界遗产地，
是联合国教科文组织的所在地
认为面临各种威胁
的风险
并且需要保护。
“遗产”是指“社会的事物”
认为
“对其历史和文化”很重要，
例如，艺术、建筑、
或大峡谷等自然景点
在美国。
嗯，还有环境
造成许多不同的威胁。
那么，尼尔，你能告诉我吗
哪种海洋生物
是潜在威胁
大堡礁的生态系统？
是 a) 海星吗？
b) 水母？或者 c) 墨鱼？
嗯，我会选择 b) 水母。
我不是海洋生物专家，
但我吃过水母
而且其他的我都没吃过。
哦，我明白了。好吧，我们稍后会知道
无论您是否是专家。
但是现在让我们听听 BBC 记者的报道
Roger Harrabin
谈论其他类型的威胁
到文物古迹。
看看你能发现多少！
最珍贵的自然奇观
世界 — 澳大利亚的大堡礁、
美国壮观的大峡谷、
伯利兹南部的堡礁
美国，地球上第二大国家 —
都面临着来自人类的威胁。
大堡礁
正在引起人们的迫切关注。
有一场巨大的战斗
矿业和港口开发。
一座巨型煤矿刚刚获得了
昆士兰州政府仍然批准
，尽管科学家发出警告
它可能会损坏珊瑚礁。
这是 BBC 的罗杰·哈拉宾 (Roger Harrabin)。
嗯，我发现了一些威胁
前往那里的遗产地 —
采矿和港口开发。
现在，任何类型的工业活动
例如，可能会通过
侵犯自然栖息地来伤害它们
生活在那里的动植物，
或污染水
流入该网站。
嗯。 “采矿”是“提取的过程”
来自地面的煤炭或其他矿物”，
如果您“侵占某物”，它就会
意味着你“超出了可接受的限度”。
有趣的事情
世界遗产
仅占0.5%
地球表面的情况 —
为什么人们不能采矿
剩下的 99.5% 上还有工业发展
？！
但有一个人类产业
实际上是有益的
对于珍贵的地点——旅游业。
但你之前说过旅游业
对遗产地不利。
我知道。在某种程度上，我是对的。
世界遗产
是一些旅游的主要景点，
以及越来越多的人
正在拜访他们。
所以这就是全部
在赚钱之间取得正确的平衡
维护和恢复站点
并最大程度地减少影响
的旅游活动。
— 嗯，比如乱扔垃圾和涂鸦。
- 确切地。
以及这个术语
是“可持续旅游业”——
或“旨在影响较小的旅游业”
关于当地文化和环境，
'同时创造就业机会
为当地人'。
因此，联合国教科文组织正在努力指导
政府、景点管理者和游客
采取可持续旅游实践
，以保持我们的世界
自然和文化遗产
对子孙后代来说是安全的。
哇，你真是能说会道，爱丽丝。
你应该为联合国教科文组织工作！
好的，我们现在继续，
聆听浮潜和潜水公司
Paul Crocombe 的讲话
在澳大利亚昆士兰州汤斯维尔，
发表了他的看法
大堡礁
将如何应对对其生存的威胁。
珊瑚礁相当活跃，
它已经经历了几个冰河时代，
并且仍然在这里，
因此它的弹性将确保
珊瑚礁仍然存在
未来几年。
但是物种多样性和，
珊瑚礁
的视觉美感可能会发生相当大的变化，尤其是
如果海水温度升高，
二氧化碳就会增加
在水中，诸如此类的东西。
Paul Crocombe 描述珊瑚礁
“动态”和“弹性”。
“动态”意味着
“积极或能够改变”
，“弹性”意味着“能力”
恢复或适应变化' —
这一切听起来都不错。
但保罗也说
“物种多样性”——
“植物和动物的范围”——
可能会改变。
例如，海水温度上升
会导致海水温度上升
二氧化碳水平 —
这可能会产生重大影响
关于物种多样性
和珊瑚礁的“视觉美学”——
或“它看起来的样子”。
好的，我想现在是时候给出答案了
今天的测验问题，爱丽丝。
是的，我也这么认为。
好的，我问你哪种海洋生物
构成潜在威胁
大堡礁的生态系统？
它是 a) 海星的一种吗？
b) 水母？或者 c) 墨鱼？
我说 b) 水母。
嗯，我担心你被蜇了，尼尔！
— 噢！
- 毫米。
答案是海星。
荆棘冠海星
捕食珊瑚
和这些海星的大规模爆发
可以破坏珊瑚礁。
现在，你能提醒我们吗
今天的一些词汇，尼尔？
当然。
遗产、
侵占某些事物、
可持续旅游业、
活力、
复原力、
物种多样性、
视觉美感。
好了，就这样结束了
今天的六分钟英语。
别忘了尽快再次加入我们！
— 再见！
- 再见！
6 分钟英语。
来自 BBC 学习英语。
你好。这是 6 分钟英语
来自 BBC 学习英语。我是尼尔。
我是贝丝。
如今，“Safari”这个词
经常被用在消极方面。
对于很多人来说，杀人的想法
动物用于运动是不可接受的。
随着狩猎的流行度下降，
狩猎者正在更换枪支
对于相机，
为游客提供拍照的机会
野生动物在其自然栖息地。
近年来，自然和野生动物
旅游业，也称为“生态旅游”，
已大幅增长。
但故事很复杂。
虽然来自生态旅游的钱
应该支持受威胁的野生动物
和当地传统文化，
现实有时是不同的。
在本计划中，我们将询问
生态旅游是好是坏？
而且，像往常一样，我们将学习
还有一些有用的新词汇。
但首先，我有一个问题要问你，
贝丝。
大多数游猎游客
正在寻找“五巨头”，
的名称
非洲最具代表性的大型动物。
但是哪些动物是“五大动物”？
a) 狮子、豹子、长颈鹿、
狒狒和水牛？
b) 狮子、豹子、老虎、
大象和水牛？
或 c) 狮子、豹子、犀牛、
大象和水牛？
我猜是 a) 狮子、豹子、
长颈鹿、狒狒和水牛。
我来揭晓答案
在节目结束时。
善与恶之间的平衡
Vicky Smith 很清楚生态旅游可能带来的坏事
，
其网站 Earth Changers
将生态旅游者与
环保旅游企业。
这是 Vicky 与 BBC Radio 4 的对话
计划让地球付出代价。
仅仅因为旅游业是以自然为基础的，
并不意味着它必然如此
负责任的或可持续的。
所以，这里有很多动物活动
我们所知道的旅游业，你知道，
是非常不负责任和不可持续的，
例如表演鲸鱼和海豚表演，
或与海豚一起游泳，
骑大象、
老虎自拍照
老虎被下药的地方。
真正的生态旅游是“可持续的” —
旨在保持稳定的水平
这不会破坏环境”。
并非所有旅游公司都会致电
本身就是环保行为，可持续发展，
并且仍可能做广告
不负责任的旅游活动，
包括“老虎自拍”——“拥有你的”
与圈养的野生老虎合影”。
有两个要求
旅游公司应满足
才有资格成为真正的生态旅游。
首先，游客的主要动机
应该是欣赏和观察
自然世界不受干扰，
其次，他们花的钱
应支持传统社区。
显然，正在拍照
与一只被拴住并被下药的老虎
不满足这些要求。
但并非所有公司都声称自己是
生态旅游的行为如此不负责任。
根据安东尼娅·博林布鲁克-肯特的说法，
谁在一些最偏远的地方进行小规模野生动物探险
在地球上，
可以将旅游公司
从好到坏的滑动尺度。
在 BBC 广播 4 台的节目中
以地球为代价，
Antonia 讨论了她在塔吉克斯坦的工作，
生态旅游
正在产生积极影响的国家
对动物和人类社区。
在天平的另一端
是塔吉克斯坦，我在那里工作很多，
的收入不到两打
每年野生动物游客
，这些游客带来的钱
对于保护工作至关重要
草根非政府组织正在做的事情。
所以那些少数游客，
他们的钱花得很长
，人们正在关注的动物——
雪豹、
稀有山地有蹄类动物
像布哈拉马克霍尔 —
他们被从远处观察，
他们的行为没有受到影响
无论如何，
和当地社区
都真正受益。
安东尼娅使用了这个短语
“在天平的另一端”
作为对比的一种方式
不负责任的旅游公司
与塔吉克斯坦发生的事情有关。
那里有雪豹等动物
和山地有蹄类动物，
受到“非政府组织”运营的生态旅游项目
的保护
或“非政府组织”—
“试图
实现环境或社会目标，
“政府控制之外”。
这些非政府组织是“草根”组织
这意味着它们是
'自下而上运行的，
是普通人而不是领导者。
尽管生态游客很少
一年，
他们在塔吉克斯坦花的钱
“还有很长的路要走”。
换句话说，“钱很重要”
实现目标的因素'，
至少在塔吉克斯坦，
意味着保护珍稀野生动物。
好吧，是时候揭晓答案了
对于我的问题。
您问我关于“五巨头”的问题，即
非洲标志性野生动物的名称。
我猜他们是狮子、豹子、
长颈鹿、狒狒和水牛。
你猜对了
关于狮子、豹子和水牛，
但其他的
是犀牛和大象。
好的，让我们回顾一下
我们学过的词汇
来自这个关于“生态旅游”的节目 —
“前往自然美景之地
游客的动机
是欣赏自然
并支持当地文化”。
形容词“可持续”
描述“设计的行动”
继续保持稳定水平，
“以免破坏环境”。
“老虎自拍照”意味着“拥有你的照片”
与圈养的野生老虎一起捕获”，
不值得建议！
短语“在天平的另一端”
含义相似
短语“相比之下”。
“草根非政府组织”
是“一个非政府组织
”，试图通过当地、
普通人而不是领导者。
...
最后，如果有什么
朝着某个目标“走得很远”，
这是“一个重要因素”
在实现这一目标的过程中。
六分钟时间又到了。
— 再见了！
- 再见！
6 分钟英语。
来自 BBC 学习英语。
大家好，欢迎来到 6 分钟英语。
我是爱丽丝。
我是尼尔。
爱丽丝，你周末过得愉快吗？
是的，但它“飞过” —
这意味着它“进展很快”——
，我们又回来了，回到工作岗位！
啊，我知道你的意思。
虽然我必须说，时间真的很“拖”
对我来说——这意味着它“进展缓慢”。
— 我当时正在火车上，火车坏了。
- 哦亲爱的！
感觉就像花了
永远到达，
，尽管实际上只是延迟了
一小时后。
好吧，今天我们要讨论的是
我们对——
的“感知”或“我们看待的方式”——时间。
确实，当我们很忙时
做了很多事情，时间过得真快。
当我们感到无聊时
或无事可做，拖拖拉拉。
而且我没什么可做的
在火车上。
你认为时间以同样的速度流逝吗
对于每个人，甚至动物？
我的猫不会感到无聊
整天无所事事。
我想知道她有时会觉得时间很慢吗？
好问题！
你知道吗，尼尔，
根据一项新研究，
较小的动物感知时间
就好像它以慢动作流逝一样？
这听起来很奇怪。
你认为他们会这样听到我们的声音吗？
说话慢吗？
别傻了，尼尔！
我的意思是小动物
例如昆虫和小鸟
可以观察到更多细节
在某个时间段内 —
例如一秒钟 —
比大型动物。
这到底对他们有什么帮助？
听起来这一天真的会很拖
如果每秒
就这样被拉长了！
给他们时间来帮助他们
以躲避更大的掠食者。
现在，我有一个问题要问你，尼尔。
你能大致告诉我一下吗
苍蝇眼睛的反应速度比人眼快多少？
是 a) 两倍快吗？ b) 四次
这么快？或者 c) 十倍快？
好吧，我会去 c) 十次。
苍蝇非常“狡猾” —
这是“快”的另一个词。
是的。好吧，我们稍后会知道
如果你的答案正确与否。
现在，小动物通常可以处理
比我们能提供更多的视觉信息。
但在危险情况下，
我们的大脑会超速运转
更快地处理信息。
和“超速行驶”
意思是“极端活动的状态”。
让我们听听拉扎·鲁米 (Raza Rumi) 的说法，
巴基斯坦的一位作家和广播员，
谈论不寻常的方式
当枪手向他开枪时，他的大脑开始运转
在他的车里。
它持续了几分钟，
但对我来说那个特定事件
感觉就像是几个小时。
我认为我的大脑正在运转
以一种非常奇怪的方式。
并行和多重思想
和意识流
我们有点奔跑——
“我必须保住我的头脑，因为
如果我的大脑中弹，我就死定了。”
同时，
“这一切都值得吗？”
并且，“唉，生命多么短暂，
太可爱了。”
我害怕自己就要死了。
拉扎·鲁米。
所以，他被这次袭击“吓呆了”——
意思是“极度害怕”。
结果，他的大脑开始运转
以一种奇怪的方式。
他在思考和感受
同时处理很多不同的事情。
没错，他记得
思考实际的想法，
比如，“我必须保住我的头脑”。
但是“并行”-
或“同时”——
他还记得
有哲学思想，
例如，“生命多么短暂，
很可爱”。
嗯。你有没有去过
在危险的情况下
你的大脑会超速运转吗？
是的，我十岁的时候摔倒了
从我们花园里的一棵大树上向后退。
— 哦，不！
- 是的。
我记忆犹新
太阳在我头顶闪烁，
云彩在天空中移动，
我头顶上树上的树叶沙沙作响。
我妈妈尖叫着
当她看到我摔倒时，她看到了厨房的窗户。
我在这个空间经历了很多
只需几秒钟，
就像 Raza Rumi 所描述的那样。
是的。顺便说一句，“生动”的记忆
是“清晰而详细”的。
哦，可怜的尼尔！你受伤了吗？
有一些大瘀伤，但没有骨折。
很高兴听到这个消息！
现在，这是一个奇怪的记忆技巧
在可怕的情况下，
你的大脑开始记录一切
非常详细
并且您对事件的记忆越多，
你相信花费的时间越长。
这个想法解释了为什么孩子们
经常感觉时间过得很慢，
因为他们的经历是新的，并且
他们正在创造许多新的回忆。
而像我们这样无聊的成年人
遵循不需要新记忆的例程
，
因为他们太熟悉了。
但是让我们听听克劳迪娅·哈蒙德 (Claudia Hammond) 的说法，
《时间扭曲》的作者，
谈论我们如何拉伸时间并
让我们的日子感觉更长——以一种好的方式！
如果你能利用周末的时间来充实它
大量新的不同活动，
当时会过得很快，
因为你玩得很开心。
但是当你回头看时，
比如说，周日晚上，
，你第二天就要去上班，
，你会感觉周末很长，
因为你充满了新的回忆。
我们应该在这个周末这样做，尼尔。
你怎么认为？
当然。我会像这样嗡嗡作响
一只苍蝇，创造了大量新的记忆。
现在，您准备好接受答案了吗
今天的测验问题？
我问大约快了多少
苍蝇的眼睛比人眼有反应吗？
是 a) 两倍快吗？ b) 四次
这么快？或者 c) 十倍快？
我说 c) 快十倍。
正确答案
是 b) 四倍快。
苍蝇有眼睛
向大脑发送更新的频率
比我们的眼睛高得多，
因为它们可以处理
信息更快。
这个速度说明了
即使是最小的动物大脑也具有令人印象深刻的能力
。
好吧，在我们结束之前，也许我们
应该听到我们今天所学的话。
它们飞过、
被拖拽、
感知、
寒冷、
超速、
石化、
并行。
好了，今天的 6 分钟就结束了
英语。记得尽快再次加入我们！
— 再见！
- 再见！
6 分钟英语。
来自 BBC 学习英语。
你好。这是 6 分钟英语
来自 BBC 学习英语。我是尼尔。
我是乔吉。
现在，如果我告诉你我去散步了
去看大本钟和白金汉宫，
你立刻就会知道我在伦敦。
但是如果我的步行经过咖啡馆怎么办
卖马苏里拉奶酪和乳清干酪
，我闻到了新鲜制作的奶油甜馅煎饼卷的味道
和佛卡夏。那时我会在哪里？
佛卡夏和马苏里拉奶酪，
好吧，你会在意大利，对吗？
是的，意大利，或“小意大利”，
确切地说 -
'一些城市的社区
'意大利社区
定居并安家”。
这些意大利人
开设商店和咖啡馆，
向自己的社区出售食品。
很快，意大利面和肉丸等菜肴
引起了当地人的注意，
并逐渐意大利美食
闻名于世。
在本计划中，我们将散步
穿过两个小意大利，
一个在阿根廷，另一个在纽约，
，像往常一样，我们将学习
还有一些有用的新词汇。
但在此之前，
我有一个问题要问你，乔吉。
根据最近的 YouGov 民意调查，
哪种意大利食物
最受英国食客欢迎？
是 a) 披萨吗？ b) 烤宽面条？
或者 c) 大蒜面包？
我想这一定是披萨。
好的，乔吉，我来揭晓答案
在节目结束时。
意大利人移居到的一个国家
是阿根廷。
1898 年，朱塞佩·班切罗
抵达拉博卡附近，
布宜诺斯艾利斯的小意大利，
那里有许多意大利移民
开了餐馆。
在此，朱塞佩的孙子雨果·班切罗 (Hugo Banchero)，
向 BBC World Service 节目
记者 Veronica Smink 讲述他的故事
食物链。
嗯，我的祖父来自意大利，
来自热那亚，来自利古里亚。
他出生在热那亚市中心
并于1898年抵达这里，
七岁半的时候，
以及我们所在的这家披萨店
成立于 1972 年 3 月 28 日。
我们已经在这里 91 年了。
那么烹饪传统是什么
他们带来了吗？
嗯，我们的烹饪传统是披萨店，
，我们融入了来自热那亚的 faina，
，这是一种用鹰嘴豆粉制成的披萨。
1898 年，朱塞佩创立了他的“比萨店” —
“一家卖披萨的餐厅”。
当一家企业“成立”时，
它就“成立”了 —
有人“启动它”或“设置它”。
朱塞佩从利古里亚的家乡带来了
烹饪传统
在意大利北部，
包括当地的披萨
像法伊娜和福加泽塔。
形容词“烹饪”描述
“任何与烹饪有关的事情”。
但可能是最著名的
世界上的小意大利
是曼哈顿下东区的一个地区
在纽约。
90% 的意大利移民抵达
世纪之交的美国
就穿过这个街区。
Di Palo's，最初的商店之一
在小意大利出售意大利食品，已为顾客服务 113 年。
这里，Lou Di Palo，合伙人
，原所有者的曾孙，
萨尔维诺 (Salvino)
向 BBC World Service 节目详细介绍了他的家族史
食物链。
1925 年，当我的祖母 Concetta
我的祖父路易吉结婚了，
他们开了自己的商店。
这是我们今天继续经营的商店，
是第四代工作人员
和我的妹妹玛丽亚
和我的兄弟萨尔以及我们的孩子们一起，
第五代。
我们的业务已经扩展，
扩展为代表整个业务
意大利20个地区的饮食文化。
小意大利是踏脚石
意大利移民的。
这是许多意大利人的所在地
首先经过埃利斯岛，
，然后在这里定居，然后
最终进入美国主流，
遍布全国其他地区。
Lou Di Palo 是第四代
他的家人经营这家商店，
和他的孩子将是第五个。
“第四代或第五代”等短语
描述“父母移民的
人的孩子”
到特定国家”。
到达纽约后，
许多意大利移民继续前进
在其他地方开始成功的新生活。
这就是 Lou 称其为“小意大利”的原因
'踏脚石'，
'对您有帮助的经历
实现其他目标'，
就像真正的垫脚石
帮助你过河。
因此，意大利新人
被美国主流接受，
“主流”的含义
'文化和习俗
“大多数美国人认为这是正常的”。
看来我们欠小意大利很多。
但我们仍然不知道哪种食物
在英国最受欢迎。
是不是到了揭晓答案的时候了
对于你的问题，尼尔？
对。我问你哪种意大利菜
在英国最受欢迎，你说
披萨，这也是我的猜测，
，但恐怕是错误的答案！
事实上，意大利美食的首选
英国这里的粉丝是大蒜面包。
好吧，让我们回顾一下我们从这个节目中学到的词汇
在小意大利，
以“比萨店”开头 —
“一家卖披萨的餐厅”。
如果某件事是“成立的”，
它是“开始或建立”的。
形容词“烹饪”描述了
“任何与烹饪有关的事情”。
“第四代或第五代”等短语
描述“父母移民的人的孩子
”
到特定国家”。
“踏脚石”
是“对您有帮助的事件或经历”
推进或取得新的成果”。
最后，形容词“主流”
描述了被视为正常的“习俗和文化
”
社会中的大多数人”。
我们的六分钟时间又到了。
直到下一次，
六分钟英语，再见！
再见！
6 分钟英语。
来自 BBC 学习英语。
[英语]
Show
重点词汇
开始练习
| 词汇 | 含义 |
|---|---|
|
wilderness /ˈwɪldənəs/ B2 |
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tourism /ˈtʊrɪzəm/ B1 |
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Antarctica /ˌæntɑːrˈktɪkə/ A2 |
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advocate /ˈædvəkeɪt/ C1 |
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disinfect /ˌdɪsɪnˈfekt/ B2 |
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sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbəl/ B2 |
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encroach /ɛnˈkroʊtʃ/ C1 |
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heritage /ˈhɛrɪtɪdʒ/ B2 |
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conservation /ˌkɒnsərˈveɪʃən/ B2 |
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carbon dioxide /ˈkɑːrbən daɪˈɒksaɪd/ B1 |
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melting /ˈmɛltɪŋ/ B1 |
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global warming /ˈɡləʊbəl ˈwɔːrmɪŋ/ B2 |
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pristine /ˈprɪstiːn/ C1 |
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biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜːrsɪti/ C1 |
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expedition /ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən/ B2 |
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habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ B2 |
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endemic /enˈdɛmɪk/ C1 |
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重点语法结构
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