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Lord
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Look at that SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on
the launch pad. At the
top, inside the
payload fairing, are three satellites that
will improve our understanding and
prediction ability of how
space weather can affect us
here on Earth.
The sun is huge and dynamic.
Its impact is felt throughout the
solar system.
Three new missions will help us
understand our star like never
before.
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They will observe the effects of the sun from
near to the limits of the
solar system. We need to understand how
our home in the galaxy was created.
Every time we've gone to a new place,
we've been surprised.
We hope that there will be great
discoveries of aspects that we cannot even
imagine today.
Good morning and welcome to Florida's
space coast. I'm Noelia González
from NASA in Spanish and we are already
counting down to the takeoff of
three revolutionary missions. We are going to
share the details of each of
them throughout this broadcast,
but first we say hello to my
co-presenter,
NASA helophysicist Dr. Teresa Nieves Chinchilla.
It's a pleasure to have you here with us,
Teresa.
Good morning. I'm very excited to share
this space with you to
explore together what these
missions are all about and, of course, witness a
launch.
Teresa, tell us what your role
consists of as a heliophysicist.
I am a scientist. I work at NASA's
Godar Space Flight Center in
Maryland. I study explosions from the Sun and
their impact on technology, space,
the planets, including Earth.
Well, and the three missions that
we will launch today will help us study
our Sun. Let's start with IMAP from
NASA. IMAP stands for
Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe
. There is also the
Carers observatory of the geocorona,
also from NASA and the SUIFO satellite
L1 of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Hello, for its
acronym in English. Liftoff is
scheduled for 7:30 a.m.,
Eastern Time, and there is
a lot of excitement about this launch.
In this broadcast we will have everything
you need to know as we
prepare for takeoff. Teresa,
all of these missions will help us
better understand the solar wind and
space weather that could
affect our technology on Earth.
That's right, we're going to delve into all of these
terms and tell you how some of
spacecraft could help
protect your electrical grid, your GPS,
even the communication systems of
pilots in aviation,
emergency services and support systems in
agriculture.
Today's launch culminated a
preparation of many years. Teresa,
how are you feeling right now with less than
an hour to go before takeoff?
It is a very special moment. This is the
end of a story for the
engineers who worked to manufacture
these missions, but it is the beginning of
another for scientists who want
to know the answers that
these missions will provide.
Thank you, Teresa, and from here we want
for you to be part of the program. If you
are watching us live, you can send your
questions using the hashtag questions
on social networks. Our expert
Teresa will be answering some of your
questions during this broadcast. Today
we will also be sharing with you the
most important milestones of the
launch operations and later
we will be accompanied by our colleague Hamilton
Fernández from NASA's
launch services program who will give us a
detailed narration of the takeoff. Let's see
now how the operations are going in
at the moment. At t- 444 minutes, that is
that is, 44 minutes before
launch, the Falcon 9 rocket is not
experiencing problems and our payload
or the three satellites on board
are in good condition. We expect the
team to complete their
technical readiness consultation to T-OS 38 minutes
to proceed with
propellant loading and launch. At this time
we have over a 95% chance
of launching today, so for now the
vehicle and payload are
in good condition and the launch area
office is ready to provide
support. For those who are just
joining this broadcast, welcome.
We are counting down the
takeoff of three innovative missions,
IMAP, Carters and Swifo that will study
our star The Sun. And I am accompanied by
the NASA expert, Dr. Teresa
Nieves Chinchilla. Teresa, to talk
about the science behind these three
missions and why they are so important,
we need to explain some key
terms. What are some of the
concepts that our viewers
should keep in mind today? I would tell you
that there are three main terms that
refer to the limits of space.
First, the Earth is enveloped by the
magnetosphere. It is an invisible
shield created by our planet's
magnetic field that will help
protect us from harmful
solar radiation. Above the magnetosphere
is the exosphere, the last layer of
space influenced by the Earth and
and its atmosphere and is where
interplanetary space really begins.
Expanding even further is
the heliosphere, a huge bubble
formed by the sun's energy that surrounds
our entire solar system. The
missions we are launching today will study how
the sun interacts with these different
boundaries. Each of these boundaries
influences the way energy and
particles from the Sun move through
space and interact with the Earth.
When this activity intensifies,
can alter our magnetosphere and
atmosphere creating what we call
space weather. And what is
space weather? And why is it
important to understand and predict
it better? Let's take a look.
From here on Earth, our Sun
looks stable and unchanging, but seen from
up close it is a dynamic and active place.
Superheated plasma loops
follow entangled magnetic fields
across the surface, while a
constant stream of electrically charged
particles, the solar wind, expands
into space in all directions.
times there are bursts of
radiation known as solar flares and
explosions of plasma and magnetic
fields called coronal
mass ejections that send them into space.
solar storms through the
solar wind. On Earth we live within
that constant flow of the solar wind
protected by the
Earth's magnetic field. But when the sun
suddenly releases massive amounts of
energy and material, our
magnetic field can be altered during what
is known as a
geomagnetic storm. In May 2024, the largest geomagnetic storm in
Earth. This storm
more than two decades arrived on
extended the auroras to unusually low
latitudes, disrupted the
operation of GPS-guided
tractors, and forced
transatlantic flights to change their routes.
Storms like these are the reason
NASA and Ana constantly monitor
the sun's activity. The
NA provides real-time
monitoring and forecasting of geomagnetic storms and
other potentially hazardous
space weather events, while
NASA research advances
our understanding of the
behavior of the Sun and supports the
research computer models
employed by the NOA. Our collaboration
is vital to be better prepared
to address space weather.
Together we help protect our
technology on Earth, satellites
in space, and astronauts
traveling to the Moon and Mars.
Teresa, in addition to your other duties, you
run NASA's
Moon to Mars space weather
analysis office. Can you tell us about your role and what your team does? In the office
...
that I direct, we conduct real-time
analysis of space weather
throughout the solar system to monitor
the impact on NASA,
robotic, and future
human missions. And we also make prototypes of
scientific models to improve
knowledge of space weather
and our prediction capabilities.
We have three scientific missions on
aboard this Falcon 9 rocket, which
will ultimately be of great help
for your work and that of your office. What
are you most excited about in all of
this?
These three missions have a
scientific component with a lot of value that will help us
better understand the sun, the
heliosphere and how all the systems that
are inside it interact
with each other. But also some of the
data from these missions that they will
provide will be in real time. This
helps us monitor the solar wind at the
location of the satellite and since it is
right in front of the Earth
it gives us a few minutes to
give the alerts. Let's look at some details
of the missions that are docked on top of
the rocket that now appears on
screen. Let's start with IMAP, today's
main mission. This
satellite is equipped with many tools
to help us understand the
solar wind, which is a constant stream of
electrically charged particles that
emanate from the sun and its boundary with
interstellar space. Teresa, can you
tell us a little more about this ship?
IMAP is similar in size to a
jacuzzi and weighs a little less than a
compact car, about 900 kg or almost 2000
pounds. There are 10
scientific instruments on board. The instruments will work
together to map the heliosphere,
that gigantic magnetic bubble created
by the solar wind that surrounds us and
protects us from the harmful radiation that
comes from the interstellar medium.
A dozen scientific instruments.
That's great, Teresa, let's see the
updates regarding the launch
today. The
launch services team made a series of
consultations and within 35 minutes
began loading the rocket with
propellant. This marked the beginning of
automated processes where rocket
began loading propellant, which
consists of rocket-grade kerosene and
liquid oxygen.
And now let's take a look at the
mission operations center at the
Applied Physics Laboratory at
Johopkins University, known as APL
in English. We are also seeing
images from Carters
Mission Control Center which is at the University of
California at Berkeley. You can see
dozens of people from the IMAP team and
Carters eagerly waiting for
takeoff.
To be sure, APL joined NASA to
help build the spacecraft,
manage the development phase, and operate
the mission after launch.
PL is part of an international team
of 27 partner organizations led by
Priston University in the
United States. And here we have a look at the
clean room where some time ago
the three missions were integrated into the
Falcon 9 rocket.
That's right, Noelia. IMAP arrived in May at the
Astrotech Space
Operations facility, here at the
Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Then the staff
unpacked, processed and assembled it. Later
in July, the
other two spacecraft that will be launched
arrived at the center today, Caruters and Swiffo, which
were docked together with IMAP.
last week the three ships were
encapsulated in the
payload shell and then
transported to the launch complex
39.
And there we have it live. IMAP is now
ready and prepared to take off.
Let's see how this mission will help us here
on earth.
The IMAC interstellar mapping and
acceleration probe mission, for its
acronym in English, will study the gigantic
invisible shield that surrounds the
solar system, the heliosphere. The
heliosphere helps make life on
Earth possible by protecting us from dangerous
cosmic rays coming from across the
galaxy. It is our home in the
universe and without it life on our planet would not
be possible. The boundary of the
alliosphere is about 17.7 billion
kilometers or 11 million miles from
Earth at its closest point and is
difficult to study, but that will
change with IMAP. Like a
modern celestial cartographer, IMAP will fill
the blanks on the map of
theosphere and help us understand the
fundamental processes occurring in
our solar system. Spacecraft
will be positioned at point one of the
Grange, located about 1.6 million
km or 1 million miles from
Earth toward the Sun. From that strategic
point, it will study our
heliosphere and measure the constant flow
of particles from the sun that
can endanger
spacecraft and to the astronauts. This
will allow us to give half an hour's notice
in advance to the astronauts of the
International space station and the
organizations managing the
electrical networks so that they can take
precautions and protect themselves from the damage
that space
weather could cause. IMAP
measurements will provide scientists with a
more complete view of our
aliosphere than ever before. They will also help us
better prepare for dangerous
solar particles and radiation
heading toward Earth. This
information will be essential for the future
of human exploration as
astronauts venture to the Moon,
Mars and beyond.
And space weather can also
affect our astronauts in
space. Those high-energy
particles from the sun can pose serious
risks to your health. So, with the
advance warnings that
IMAP will provide, what can
astronauts do to better protect themselves? We spoke
regarding
NASA flight director, Marcos Flores, who tells us
how the crews on
aboard the international
space station prepare for
space weather events.
The priority will always be
to ensure that the astronauts are
safe. I am a NASA
flight mission director and a
flight director is basically the person who is in
charge at the
mission control center. When there is a
geomagnetic storm heading towards the
space station it is very important that
we understand the effect, the impact that
can have. We collaborate a lot
with Nah
own monitoring system and we have
specialists in the control center
that are monitoring to tell us,
"Okay, there is an event that is
happening, that is going to happen, this is going to
be the impact that it is going to have, the
magnitude of the event and the time of
duration or the effect that it is going to have.
warning time when there is a
geomagnetic storm can range from
minutes to hours to days. And in the
worst case we have to respond
in minutes, which is the most
concern for us. And then in that
short term, once we receive the
notification that we have to take
action to protect the station.
to their astronauts, we have to
provide all those instructions,
work out all the procedures we
have to disable critical
equipment that could be affected and to
tell the astronauts, move to
another position within the
space station for protection. And that can
be in as little as 30 minutes.
There are just a few very specific areas
where the shielding around the
modules is quite thick and also
we have modules that have a large
amount of water eh stored for
different contingencies and the
combination of those two things provide
very specific places in the
modules where astronauts can get into eh
and stay there as the
storm passes. With the IMAP mission, I think
that the most exciting thing for us is that we are
going to have another way to detect these
space weather systems eh
like geomagnetic laaj, right? And their
ability to detect when
they occur, right? And also provide
quality data that we can use
to modify or make our
computer models on Earth to
forecast what's going to happen, the
impact it's going to have, much more
accurate. Most importantly, I think
from the mission control center's
perspective, right? And what
we want to do to protect the
astronauts is the notification time
, the sensors that
IMAP has would be much more precise and
could alert analysts on
the Earth when something
is happening. And then we can
react a little more
quickly and let the astronauts know
that they have to take steps to
protect themselves
and launch operations
are still in progress. We are viewing
images of the AE hangar located
here at the Kennedy Center. There
find the teams from the
launch services program, who in short
monitor the health of
the ships and all the conditions of the
rocket. From there we are getting the
updates for the release of
today. Meanwhile, we remind you that
you can send your questions to
Teresa, who will be answering some
of your questions during this
broadcast. You can send them using the
NASA hashtag asks NASA on
social networks. And speaking of questions,
we had the opportunity to ask
some to Iker Liceaga Indart, a mechanical engineer
in the iliophysics laboratory
at our Godar center in Maryland,
who works with the IMAP mission.
Let's see.
Iker, tell us what role you play
in IMAP's mission.
Well, I have led the
mechanical engineering team of one of the
IMAP instruments, the High Energy
ION Telescope.
...
Can you tell me a little about what
this particular instrument is going to be like?
This instrument is one of the 10 that
is in IMAP and each of those
instruments measures, let's say,
eh particles of a certain energy range,
different eh variables and our particular
instrument is going to measure
high energy ions, right? And
basically what it does is it has several
layers of silicon detectors. This is
when a particle from the sun or from
interstellar space comes, uh, hits
those detectors and by the force of that
collision we can determine which particle
it is and also the direction from which it
has come.
Good. And what did your role consist of, your
day to day, um, working for this
instrument? Well, as the leader of
mechanical engineering, in the end I was
responsible for the physical design of the
instrument, right? Basically designing
the pieces of the instrument in three
dimensions on my computer, putting them
together, making sure they fit
perfectly like a giant Lego, and
then eventually manufacturing the pieces,
selecting the materials, etc.
Also doing the math to
make sure none of those
pieces break when the satellite goes to
space on the rocket. and then also
test the instrument, make sure
that it works well and eventually
mount it on the satellite. I was one of
those people who physically had to
put the instrument on the
satellite.
Ah, how exciting. Iker, tell me what
excites you the most, what excites you
about this mission. Aima,
well, I would say that in two aspects, right?
From a scientific point of view.
First, I think it is a pioneering
mission that will allow us to measure all
these events, these
particles that we were talking about with a precision that
we have never achieved before, right?
So from that point of view I think
it's a great achievement. And then, from a
more personal point of view, eh, for
me, well, it's been 5 years working on
the mission and it's in some ways the
pinnacle of my career so far and it's
a great source of pride, right? Seeing that something
that you have designed practically from
that you had it on a piece of paper drawn to
that you see it built and going to space
that will be in a time
million and a half kilometers from
Earth is something very special. Well,
your family is going to go with you to watch the
launch? Tell me a little bit about
this.
Yes, they're coming to watch the launch
with me. Hey, it's the first time that
they visit the United States because in all the
time that I've been here they haven't
Given the circumstances, they come from
Spain and for me it is a dream come
reality, right? A dream come true
from my personal point of view,
but also from the point of view of
my family, right? Because for both them
and for me it has been very hard, very hard
that I have been so far away for so much
time and to be able to share this moment
after so much work with them that
have accompanied me, because it is very special,
it is a dream come true.
I imagine, Iker. Well, congratulations and
enjoy the launch.
Thank you very much.
And as we've already mentioned, IMAP is not
the only passenger on this Falcon
9 rocket. NASA's
Geocorona Car Raders observatory is also on board.
Teresa, what can you tell us about
this particular mission? The
Caraders observatory is the size of
a two-person sofa and is as heavy
as a refrigerator. It will study Earth's
geocorona, the part of our
exosphere that shines. Studying this
outermost layer of Earth's
atmosphere will help us forecast
space weather, understand how
the atmosphere changes over time, and
even chart the history of water on
Earth. How fascinating, Teresa. This
observatory will have a very
important job alerting us about the
solar storms that could affect
our planet.
And we are just 24 minutes away from liftoff
of SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket. In the
meantime, let's learn more about the new
Noa satellite, which will also
launch today. Sifo L1 is
approximately the size of a compact car and its
solar panel is the size of a door.
When completely filled with
fuel, it weighs about the same as a
grand piano. It is the first satellite of
NOA designed specifically for
space weather monitoring
24 hours a day, 7 days a
week. That is why it will be like an
early warning beacon for
potentially disruptive events.
I recently had the pleasure of meeting
with Dr. Yari Collado Vega of the
NOA to talk in more detail about
this mission.
to be able to obtain that data in real time
and then to be able to have that data that is
critical and essential to make
space weather forecasts.
Very good. Hey, speaking of data, what
are the instruments
going to have on board and what kind of data are
going to be collecting?
Sifo has four instruments. It has a
coronagraph, which is a telescope that
acts like an artificial eclipse, covering the
sun to be able to see those
coronal mass ejections. It has a magnetometer that
will then measure the magnetic field
that comes from the sun. It also has a
plasma instrument that will then
capture the solar wind properties
like speed, density, temperature and
it also has an instrument for
energetic ion particles that
will then help us characterize those
coronal mass ejections and when
they arrive at Earth.
Good. And well, and with all this data,
how is it going to help us improve
our ability to predict
space weather events both on our
planet and in the rest of the
solar system? Yes, this was extremely important for
because as we already said, the first
mission completely dedicated to
space meteorology is the mission that
is going to give us those real-time data
that are necessary to then make
the forecasts and warnings that
does not do to protect those instruments,
protect those users such as aviation,
electrical networks on Earth, but
also in the human exploration phase
, astronauts can
protect themselves from these solar events.
Very good. And in what ways or how is
the collaboration process between NASA
and the NOA for these
space weather issues? As we already said,
the NOA is the official organization that is
dedicated to issuing these warnings and
these notifications that are very
important for protection and
mitigating the effects of
space weather. NASA is an organization
that then does scientific
research and develops models that
can eventually be used in
the operational part. The two
organizations work mutually.
Well, Yarí, so what
excites you most about this mission? Sif.
I'm very excited because when
I started studying
space meteorology, which was a couple of years ago
ago, nobody knew what
space meteorology was. Now we have a
mission that is going to be dedicated just
for this. That is something huge that
is going to help us
make better, faster, more and improve many things that
social meteorology forecasts
we have to do in order to reach
in the future at the same level that we
can predict hurricanes. We have to
then get to that point of being able to
predict those solar storms on
Earth. Very good. Well, thank you very much
Yari, and enjoy the
launch.
Thanks to you.
Recently our sun has been
quite active. You may remember that
last year we were able to see
northern and southern lights in places where
they are not usually visible like Washington
DC or even Mexico City.
That's right, Noelia. It's been wonderful to see
images of auroras in places where they are
very rare.
These celestial lights have a lot to do
with the solar wind that
constantly emanates from our star and
that IMAP will study in detail. Let's learn
more.
Turn up the volume to hear what
the wind coming off the sun sounds like.
To be precise, that's the sound of
plasma waves interacting with the
wind coming out of our star.
It was recorded by our Parker solar probe, the
first spacecraft to touch the sun. In 2021,
Parker passed through the solar corona, which is
the star's upper atmosphere,
the one we can only see with our
eyes when there is a total solar eclipse.
From there emanates the very powerful
solar wind. This wind blows in all
directions and hits everything
in the solar system and beyond, including
Earth. It gushes out at
different speeds and
densities from regions of the sun.
One of the basic components is
electrically charged particles such as
protons and electrons. These particles
travel at speeds that are difficult to
imagine. For reference, the winds
of the most devastating hurricanes on
Earth can exceed about 240 km/h.
The solar wind has an average
speed of 1.4 million km/h and does not
stop until it reaches the
interstellar space that marks the limit of the
aliosphere. Among the many effects of the
solar wind is the creation of
auroras that occur when
charged particles from the sun enter the
Earth's magnetosphere and then
interact with the gases in our
atmosphere. The auroras reveal
an interaction that usually
goes unnoticed by us here
thanks to a protective shield
indispensable, the magnetosphere, our
magnetic field. But when an especially fast and
burst of solar wind passes by the Earth, it can
dense
temporarily compress the
magnetosphere and that can affect our
communications satellites, the GPS on your
phone, burn out the
power grid transformer stations, and
even cause blackouts. Yes, a
solar storm in space can cause
the power to go out at your house. NASA
has a fleet of satellites that
orbit the Earth, including the
international space station inhabited by
astronauts who are located within
the protective bubble of the
magnetosphere. But let's look further. On
occasions, the lunar orbit causes
our moon to be within the
confines of the Earth's magnetosphere.
But when this does not happen, the moon
is left unprotected. And since it has almost no
atmosphere, the solar wind reaches
the surface frequently. Now
let's go to Mars. The red planet does not
have a strong magnetosphere to
protect it, and the solar wind constantly erodes
the atmosphere.
As we look toward the Moon and
Mars for the Artemis campaign, NASA
is developing ways to protect
astronauts from the solar wind on their
longer trips into deep space.
This includes designing anti-radiation
vests and helping to improve
solar storm forecasting or
space weather. NASA is also
conducting measurements of the solar wind
across the solar system to help
better understand the risks posed
to interplanetary travelers, not
just humans. but also robotics.
If you've just joined this
broadcast, we're from the
space coast of Florida, where in just
minutes we will be launching three missions
that will study our Sun and
space weather IMAP, Carters and
Swiffo. I'm Noelia González from NASA team
in Spanish and I'm accompanied by our
NASA expert, heliophysicist
Teresa Nieves Chinchilla. Teresa, are you
ready to answer some questions
from our audience? Of course.
Well, from YouTube, Ángel Rodilla
González asks you, "I would like to know
how the Sun's magnetic field
influences the magnetosphere and other layers of
the Earth and if this mission will
study this interaction."
Indeed, a very good question. Um,
the solar wind is the magnetic field,
is magnetized plasma, it is magnetic
field that comes out that flows from the
sun radially and therefore the
earth magnetosphere is in constant
interaction or the solar wind
interacts, impacts the earth
magnetosphere at all times. There are
moments when there are explosions and those
explosions that carry with them that magnetic
field interact in a special
way with the Earth's magnetosphere. let's say
that somehow weakens that shield
and allows radiation to enter.
very energetic particles that give rise
to geomagnetic storms, also give rise
to the northern lights.
So, these missions are going to study
those layers exactly how the
magnetic field of the Sun interacts with the
magnetosphere, in some way weakens the
and how the exosphere also
allows the passage of that magnetic field to
and that radiation up to levels of the
Earth. that at some moments we feel
that radiation at ground level.
Very good. Well, this question is
very related and you answered it a little
, but maybe go into more detail.
Michelle from Instagram asks, why
are these missions important?
Exactly for that reason, because there are two two
uh aspects to these missions. One is the
more scientific aspect, which is the data
that will provide data that
will take time because it has to be
calibrated and meet
scientific standards and then it will take about
months to be in real time, that is,
to be on public platforms. And
those data were scientific and the
scientists are going to use them to
answer questions like that, how
the magnetosphere responds to this
interaction. But on the other hand we have
another amount of data, other sets
of data that we are going to receive in
real time and that is going to help us
make predictions, alerts
when necessary, when we have those
storms so that the operators of
satellites can act and take
measures to protect their assets in
space.
Very good. John Edinson Ortiz Torres
sent this question to NASA email
in Spanish.
question, what are cosmic rays?
Cosmic rays are particles that are much
more energetic than those that the sun
normally emits. They are particles that
generally come from the
intergalactic or interstellar medium. They are
particles so energetic that they are
capable of crossing all those
borders that we talked about,
heliosphere, exosphere, magnetosphere,
atmosphere. They pass through all of them without
hardly being disturbed and evidently
they carry with them a very large radiation.
The source is normally the
Galactic Center, but they are also
stars or supernovae that are in their final
phase. Okay, Teresa, I
have a question for you too.
The three satellites IMAP, Carters and
SuiFO will orbit point one of the
Granch, a place that is about 1.6
million kilometers or 1 million
miles away from Earth.
Teresa, why here? Well, the
gravitational forces of the Earth and
the Sun balance each other and that creates
a stable point in space.
This zone allows the satellite to maintain
its position without requiring adjustments or
unnecessarily consuming fuel.
Thank you Teresa. We're only
minutes away from launch, so we'll soon be
joined by our colleague Hamilton
Fernández from NASA's
Launch Services to guide us through
the final moments of the
countdown. Meanwhile, Teresa, we have
talked about the heliosphere,
space weather, auroras, and there is
something in common behind all of this,
our sun. Could you give us a technical sheet
of our star? What are
your favorite facts?
This star is located in the
Milky Way along with about 250,000
million similar stars. It orbits
around the Galactic Center and takes
220 million years to complete one
orbit around that
galactic center. The Sun is 109 times
larger than the Earth, but its mass
means 99% of the mass of the entire
solar system. Another very interesting fact
is that based on our current
models, in the core of the Sun, 620
million tons of hydrogen are
transformed into 606 million tons
of helium per second. The rest is
converted into energy and that energy takes
200,000
years to reach the solar surface. And
however, the emitted light only takes 8
minutes to reach Earth. These are
some of the curiosities of our
star.
Our Sun is truly
fascinating. And speaking of stars,
we received a very special message from
someone you may know.
Hello, hello, NASA, how are you? I am
Cristo Fernández, actor and filmmaker from
Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Many
congratulations on this upcoming
launch of three missions, including IMAP, the
interstellar mapping and acceleration probe
.
They will explore the edge of our
heliosphere and help us understand
space weather, the sun's activity that
can affect satellites, GPS,
technology here on Earth and even
the safety of astronauts.
Incredible.
Now, maybe I'm not a scientist,
the truth is, as you know, I'm more of a
football fan, but I do know something about
passion and setting goals. In Tlazio
I play Dani Rojas, a cheerful and passionate
Mexican soccer player, whose
positive energy inspires his
teammates to remember the pure and
simple love of the good game. In the same
way, I think what they are doing
with IMAP is aiming for the biggest
goal of all, understanding our
place in the solar system and keeping
humanity safe.
So from one team player to another
I reiterate my congratulations on this
incredible mission. Keep inspiring
the world, keep reaching for the stars
and remember that when we play as a team
we can achieve the impossible.
Many thanks to Cristo Fernández and
there are only about 10 minutes left until
launch. I'm joined by our
commentator Hamilton Fernández to
guide us through the final
moments of the countdown.
Welcome Hamilton, we hear you.
Greetings, Noel and it is a pleasure to share
with you these very
exciting moments where we will witness a truly historic
launch.
I am from Puerto Rico and I have been working for NASA for 36 years
in different
capacities.
The primary function of our
program here at Kennedy is to acquire
launch service from
private companies like SpaceX and then
facilitate the integration and
launch of these NASA-wide
science missions such as IMAP,
Caroders and Swifo L1 today.
This is the 107th mission that our
program integrates and launches from start to finish
.
The Falcón 9 that we see on the screen is
about 70 m high and has two
stages. Cap one with nine
Merlin engines and cap two with another
Merlin engine specially designed to
operate in vacuum in space.
At the top is the
fairing that is about 5 m in diameter
and it is there where the three ships are
stored for launch.
This is the second flight of this
booster rocket. The first flight was on
July 16 of this year for a
mission called Kyer Flight One. The fairing is
new and will be used for the first time on this
mission.
As we know, SpaceX has become
an exemplary company, recycling various
parts of its rockets, including
rocket boosters and fairings.
This reduces the cost of accessing
space. Today stage one is to land
and be recovered on a barge,
curiously named Just Read the
instructions, which awaits you in the
ocean approximately 8 and a half minutes
after takeoff.
Also the two halves of the fairing are
to be recovered in the ocean by the
SpaceX ship named Bob.
Here's a beautiful view of
our morning here in
Central Florida with our rocket on the
launch pad. T
now the three ships on board are
in good condition and the
launch continues without any
problem.
At this time, the
cooling of the
propulsion motors of stage one has begun. This step is
important to ensure that all engine
components are precooled to the
temperature necessary for optimal
operation.
It also ensures that the liquid oxygen
which is in the form of cryogen at about
207ºC
below 0 reaches the engine in its liquid
form and does not evaporate.
In less than a minute
the process of filling the
kerosene tank will be completed.
We use highly refined
kerosene and liquid oxygen as the
primary propellants for the
rocket booster. Kerosene is the
fuel and liquid oxygen is the
oxidizer.
The tanks for these two propellants are
filled separately in the final count
intentionally
to keep them as cold as possible.
Cold propellants are denser and
provide more energy for combustion
and therefore more power for
the rocket booster.
And at this moment
the process of filling the
kerosene tank from stage one has just been completed. The
next event on the final tally will be
retracting the Falcon's support tower
9.
That's the rocket tower you can
see right next to the rocket. This tower
is the one used to transport the
Falcon 9 horizontally
to the launch pad and
then to lift and support it
vertically.
In addition to keeping the rocket upright, the
tower also serves to provide various
connections that supply propellants,
electricity, and communications.
First, the tower arms will
keep the rocket upright,
retract, and then the tower will
tilt back just before
launch so the rocket can
take off without any obstacles.
And at this moment the
propellant tanks of the Falcon 9 are being pressurized
to prepare the
rocket for the retraction of the
support tower.
This step helps us provide more
stability to the rocket. So far,
these arms have protected the upright
rocket against strong winds
while its tanks were empty.
Now we can see how the
support tower is moving a little
behind, moving the rocket away and leaving it
standing on its own before takeoff.
Okay.
And NASA's launch director has
given final authorization to proceed
with the Go for launch. Denton
Gibson of the
launch services program at Kennedy today represents the
highest-ranking official to authorize
the launch by NASA. He
makes his determination after receiving
confirmation from his entire technical team
that all three ships and all
rocket systems are ready.
In the near future, both
stages of the rocket should be completing
filling their tanks with about 411
metric tons of propellants. The
first stage will be completely
full at T -3 minutes and the second
stage at T -2 minutes.
Now the liquid oxygen tank of the
first stage is full and the process of transferring
been completed. The
propellants to this stage has
tanks will also be pressurized with cooled gaseous
helium to make it
compatible with the cryogenic system.
This pressurization helps maintain
stable pressure in the tanks as they
are emptied during flight.
minus one minute, Falcon 9 will
begin its boot phase with its
internal flight computers,
booting all systems and from there
from now on everything will operate autonomously.
Right at the 2 second mark, all nine
Merlin engines will be ignited. Once
it is determined that all engines are
operating at maximum capacity,
Falcon 9 will take off from the
launch pad and begin to ascend
away from our planet.
And now the liquid oxygen tank of
the second stage is full and
the process of transferring
propellants to this stage has been completed.
That white cloud that is not coming out
from the rocket is not smoke. Actually that
is condensation. As the liquid
oxygen heats up inside the
tanks, this causes it to become a
gas in its liquid form. This gas is allowed
to exit the tanks to maintain an adequate
pressure.
And when the oxygen gas leaves the
tank, it is exposed to the humidity of the air
here in Florida and it condenses
forming this cloud that you can see.
This is the same principle that
we observe when our breath is
exposed to air on a cold morning.
Our rocket is approaching its last
moments before takeoff. We are
now waiting to hear confirmation from
that the Falcon 9 is entering the start-up phase.
AT minus one minute and in effect
start phase. At this time the
autonomous flight computers are
taking care of the rest of the final count and
stages one and two will finish pressurizing
for takeoff.
And we just heard SpaceX's
launch director announce that
we're ready to launch.
Let's then pay attention to the
rest of the count.
T min
109 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1. Engines on
and take off. We have takeoff. takeoff
of Falcon 9, taking with it the
three space weather craft
IMAP, Caroders and Swifo L1 to start
their 1.5 million kilometer journey
to Granch Point 1 to
increase our knowledge of our
bright star, the sun.
Readings indicate that the pressure in
the combustion chamber of all
engines is normal. A total propulsion
thrust of 7600 kN.
We are witnessing another successful
launch of Falcon 9 from launch pad
39a at NASA's
Kennedy Space Center. Truly a
spectacular release. We have felt
vibrations in our building
from where we are broadcasting this
morning to all of you.
In the next few moments,
all nine Merlin engines have slowed down
and we are undergoing the
event called MaxQue.
This is the point in the trajectory where
the rocket will experience the greatest
dynamic pressure on its structure and
we want to reduce that effect by reducing
its speed a little.
After the Maxcube point, the
Merlí engines will resume their thrust at
maximum capacity.
And here we have a tremendous view of the
rocket and the fire produced by the
nine Merlin engines.
The next event will be when all
stage one engines will be
shut down. We know this as Mico
for its acronym in English, Main Engine
Cutof.
A few seconds later we will see how the
first stage will be separated from the
second stage to return to Earth and
eventually be reused in another future
launch.
We will also see when the Merlin engine
of the second stage will be fired to
continue its journey to the correct orbit
where our ships need to reach.
All of this will be followed by the deployment
of the two halves of the fairing.
MCO and stage one has been separated.
The Merlí engine of the second stage has been
successfully ignited and the pressure in
its combustion chamber is normal. There
we can see how the cone of the
Merlin engine is already beginning to glow in
space. This is because it begins to
heat up with the gases that come out
products of combustion.
This is the first ignition of a total
of 12 ignitions that this mission
needs so that the ships on board
can leave our planet.
The first stage has already positioned itself
to return to Earth.
The two halves of the fairing have been
successfully deployed exposing
our IMAP, Carroders and Swifo
L1 ships to the vacuum of space.
The fairing protected our ships from
high temperatures during their ascent and
kept them free of contamination.
Once the ships had reached the
vacuum-to-space conditions for which they were
designed, they no longer
needed to be protected.
Both halves of the fairing will return to
the ground with parachutes. These two
halves will be recovered from the ocean and
prepared to fly again.
Much of what makes the
Falcon 9 rocket so extraordinary happens
during flight. The separation
of the stages, the landing of the
first stage on a barge in the middle
of the ocean and the return of the fairing on
parachutes. All this to prepare
for another flight into space.
By reusing these rocket parts,
SpaceX can reduce the cost of
access to space for its customers.
Both stages continue
normally.
Stage one will land on land and
stage two continues its normal course.
In a few moments we will see how three
of the nine Merlin engines are
re-ignited with the purpose of
beginning to decelerate stage one and
aligning it in its ascent, in its descent.
a spectacular view of our
planet Earth
with the second stage
following its normal course with our
ships on board.
Oh.
Tremendous view of our our
cameras on board.
Stage two, following its normal course.
We have heard that the re-ignition of
the first stage engines to
launch to our planet was successful.
Stage one entry burn down.
Stage 2 is in terminal guidance.
Stage 2 FTS has saved.
The second stage Merlin engine has
been shut down. The second
stage is expected to continue its trajectory orbiting the
Earth until the necessary moment
when the
Merlí engine will be turned on for the second time so that the IMAP,
Caroders and Swifo L1 ships reach their final
orbit. The second ignition of this
stage two will occur approximately in one
hour and 5 minutes.
And we have heard that the first stage
has begun its normal ignition for
using one of the Merlí engines
and is being guided by its
grid fins, also by its other
guide thrusters. Wow.
Using nitrogen gas to
decelerate and land smoothly. Wow. And
here we see how the landing legs
of stage one have been deployed and
we have had a successful landing on the
Barque.
This is the second successful landing of
this stage one.
Definitely a spectacular launch
and an incredible landing of stage
. It has been a
pleasure to share it with all of you and with
these images we will return shortly with
Noelia and Teresa. Thanks a lot.
Thank you very much, Hamilton. And well,
Teresa and I had the opportunity to
go out and see this launch in person.
Teresa, how do you feel?
Well the truth is that yes, I am left
speechless. The truth is that it is
exciting, obviously it's the sound,
the songs
that come with it, right? The
scientists who came with questions,
engineers after they took the
baton and built this which is the
consequence of an infrastructure of
knowledge and a legacy of many
people and then well now the
scientists once again taking up the
data that these missions are going to produce.
It's absolutely impressive to see this, or
that is, this technology going into space on
this very small planet, in this
large universe, right? It's
incredible, incredible. A lot of
reflections, a lot of thoughts,
a lot. It is already a mystical moment.
I understand you too. It is impossible not to
think about feeling pride and admiration
for the people, as you said, who
make all this possible.
Yes, it is indeed an infrastructure
of knowledge and above all the legacy
that NASA represents, right? In many
people who have built this through
different stages and and and many years,
many decades of a culture of
incredible teamwork. Yes.
Well, totally. And outside you could hear
the people counting down to
the screams. It is a shared
emotion.
It's a shared emotion. Yeah,
family that's around here too
around, right? They come to see it and
I am looking forward to sharing with them
and those who are watching
us and who are seeing us, yes, many
families who are watching us through
of these cameras and we hope that
we are sharing and transmitting
these emotions with all of them.
Totally. Well, as we just
witnessed IMAP, a
NASA mission accompanied by the Car
Rothers and SFO L1 probes took off about 12 years ago
minutes aboard a
SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from launch complex
39A right here on
Florida's Space Coast. In about an hour
and a half the three satellites will separate
to continue on their way to their
final destinations in space more than
1.5 million kilometers from
Earth. And this concludes our
IMAP Cars and
Sifo launch coverage. I want to say a huge thank you to
Teresa Nieves Chinchilla and Hamilton
Fernández for joining us today. It was a
pleasure to have you with us.
The pleasure is mine.
To find updates on the
IMAP mission and learn more about
Sol and space weather, you can
visit our Spanish-language website
ciencia.nasa.gob/sol.
You can also follow our
NASA accounts in Spanish on social networks, on
Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Ex.
In addition, I invite you to subscribe to
our weekly newsletter at
nasa.gov/subscribe.
And finally, don't miss the most recent
episode of our
Curious Universe podcast from NASA, where we explore
how studying the Sun is key to
human space exploration to
the Moon, Mars and beyond. Thank you for
joining us and until next time.